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** Copyright (C) 2020 The Qt Company Ltd.
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**
** This file is part of the QtNetwork module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
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****************************************************************************/

#include "qdecompresshelper_p.h"

#include <QtCore/private/qbytearray_p.h>
#include <QtCore/qiodevice.h>
#include <QtCore/qcoreapplication.h>

#include <limits>
#include <zlib.h>

#if QT_CONFIG(brotli)
#    include <brotli/decode.h>
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(zstd)
#    include <zstd.h>
#endif

#include <array>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace {
struct ContentEncodingMapping
{
    char name[8];
    QDecompressHelper::ContentEncoding encoding;
};

constexpr ContentEncodingMapping contentEncodingMapping[] {
#if QT_CONFIG(zstd)
    { "zstd", QDecompressHelper::Zstandard },
#endif
#if QT_CONFIG(brotli)
    { "br", QDecompressHelper::Brotli },
#endif
    { "gzip", QDecompressHelper::GZip },
    { "deflate", QDecompressHelper::Deflate },
};

QDecompressHelper::ContentEncoding encodingFromByteArray(const QByteArray &ce) noexcept
{
    for (const auto &mapping : contentEncodingMapping) {
        if (ce.compare(QByteArrayView(mapping.name, strlen(mapping.name)), Qt::CaseInsensitive) == 0)
            return mapping.encoding;
    }
    return QDecompressHelper::None;
}

z_stream *toZlibPointer(void *ptr)
{
    return static_cast<z_stream_s *>(ptr);
}

#if QT_CONFIG(brotli)
BrotliDecoderState *toBrotliPointer(void *ptr)
{
    return static_cast<BrotliDecoderState *>(ptr);
}
#endif

#if QT_CONFIG(zstd)
ZSTD_DStream *toZstandardPointer(void *ptr)
{
    return static_cast<ZSTD_DStream *>(ptr);
}
#endif
}

bool QDecompressHelper::isSupportedEncoding(const QByteArray &encoding)
{
    return encodingFromByteArray(encoding) != QDecompressHelper::None;
}

QByteArrayList QDecompressHelper::acceptedEncoding()
{
    static QByteArrayList accepted = []() {
        QByteArrayList list;
        list.reserve(sizeof(contentEncodingMapping) / sizeof(contentEncodingMapping[0]));
        for (const auto &mapping : contentEncodingMapping) {
            list << QByteArray(mapping.name);
        }
        return list;
    }();
    return accepted;
}

QDecompressHelper::~QDecompressHelper()
{
    clear();
}

bool QDecompressHelper::setEncoding(const QByteArray &encoding)
{
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding == QDecompressHelper::None);
    if (contentEncoding != QDecompressHelper::None) {
        qWarning("Encoding is already set.");
        // This isn't an error, so it doesn't set errorStr, it's just wrong usage.
        return false;
    }
    ContentEncoding ce = encodingFromByteArray(encoding);
    if (ce == None) {
        errorStr = QCoreApplication::translate("QHttp", "Unsupported content encoding: %1")
                           .arg(QLatin1String(encoding));
        return false;
    }
    errorStr = QString(); // clear error
    return setEncoding(ce);
}

bool QDecompressHelper::setEncoding(ContentEncoding ce)
{
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding == None);
    contentEncoding = ce;
    switch (contentEncoding) {
    case None:
        Q_UNREACHABLE();
        break;
    case Deflate:
    case GZip: {
        z_stream *inflateStream = new z_stream;
        memset(inflateStream, 0, sizeof(z_stream));
        // "windowBits can also be greater than 15 for optional gzip decoding.
        // Add 32 to windowBits to enable zlib and gzip decoding with automatic header detection"
        // http://www.zlib.net/manual.html
        if (inflateInit2(inflateStream, MAX_WBITS + 32) != Z_OK) {
            delete inflateStream;
            inflateStream = nullptr;
        }
        decoderPointer = inflateStream;
        break;
    }
    case Brotli:
#if QT_CONFIG(brotli)
        decoderPointer = BrotliDecoderCreateInstance(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
#else
        Q_UNREACHABLE();
#endif
        break;
    case Zstandard:
#if QT_CONFIG(zstd)
        decoderPointer = ZSTD_createDStream();
#else
        Q_UNREACHABLE();
#endif
        break;
    }
    if (!decoderPointer) {
        errorStr = QCoreApplication::translate("QHttp",
                                               "Failed to initialize the compression decoder.");
        contentEncoding = QDecompressHelper::None;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/*!
    \internal

    Returns true if the QDecompressHelper is measuring the
    size of the decompressed data.

    \sa setCountingBytesEnabled, uncompressedSize
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::isCountingBytes() const
{
    return countDecompressed;
}

/*!
    \internal

    Enable or disable counting the decompressed size of the data
    based on \a shouldCount. Enabling this means the data will be
    decompressed twice (once for counting and once when data is
    being read).

    \note Can only be called before contentEncoding is set and data
    is fed to the object.

    \sa isCountingBytes, uncompressedSize
*/
void QDecompressHelper::setCountingBytesEnabled(bool shouldCount)
{
    // These are a best-effort check to ensure that no data has already been processed before this
    // gets enabled
    Q_ASSERT(compressedDataBuffer.byteAmount() == 0);
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding == None);
    countDecompressed = shouldCount;
}

/*!
    \internal

    Returns the amount of uncompressed bytes left.

    \note Since this is only based on the data received
    so far the final size could be larger.

    \note It is only valid to call this if isCountingBytes()
    returns true

    \sa isCountingBytes, setCountBytes
*/
qint64 QDecompressHelper::uncompressedSize() const
{
    Q_ASSERT(countDecompressed);
    // Use the 'totalUncompressedBytes' from the countHelper if it exceeds the amount of bytes
    // that we know about.
    auto totalUncompressed =
            countHelper && countHelper->totalUncompressedBytes > totalUncompressedBytes
            ? countHelper->totalUncompressedBytes
            : totalUncompressedBytes;
    return totalUncompressed - totalBytesRead;
}

/*!
    \internal
    \overload
*/
void QDecompressHelper::feed(const QByteArray &data)
{
    return feed(QByteArray(data));
}

/*!
    \internal
    Give \a data to the QDecompressHelper which will be stored until
    a read is attempted.

    If \c isCountingBytes() is true then it will decompress immediately
    before discarding the data, but will count the uncompressed byte
    size.
*/
void QDecompressHelper::feed(QByteArray &&data)
{
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding != None);
    totalCompressedBytes += data.size();
    compressedDataBuffer.append(std::move(data));
    if (!countInternal(compressedDataBuffer[compressedDataBuffer.bufferCount() - 1]))
        clear(); // If our counting brother failed then so will we :|
}

/*!
    \internal
    \overload
*/
void QDecompressHelper::feed(const QByteDataBuffer &buffer)
{
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding != None);
    totalCompressedBytes += buffer.byteAmount();
    compressedDataBuffer.append(buffer);
    if (!countInternal(buffer))
        clear(); // If our counting brother failed then so will we :|
}

/*!
    \internal
    \overload
*/
void QDecompressHelper::feed(QByteDataBuffer &&buffer)
{
    Q_ASSERT(contentEncoding != None);
    totalCompressedBytes += buffer.byteAmount();
    const QByteDataBuffer copy(buffer);
    compressedDataBuffer.append(std::move(buffer));
    if (!countInternal(copy))
        clear(); // If our counting brother failed then so will we :|
}

/*!
    \internal
    Decompress the data internally and immediately discard the
    uncompressed data, but count how many bytes were decoded.
    This lets us know the final size, unfortunately at the cost of
    increased computation.

    To save on some of the computation we will store the data until
    we reach \c MaxDecompressedDataBufferSize stored. In this case the
    "penalty" is completely removed from users who read the data on
    readyRead rather than waiting for it all to be received. And
    any file smaller than \c MaxDecompressedDataBufferSize will
    avoid this issue as well.
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::countInternal()
{
    Q_ASSERT(countDecompressed);
    while (hasDataInternal()
           && decompressedDataBuffer.byteAmount() < MaxDecompressedDataBufferSize) {
        const qsizetype toRead = 256 * 1024;
        QByteArray buffer(toRead, Qt::Uninitialized);
        qsizetype bytesRead = readInternal(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
        if (bytesRead == -1)
            return false;
        buffer.truncate(bytesRead);
        decompressedDataBuffer.append(std::move(buffer));
    }
    if (!hasDataInternal())
        return true; // handled all the data so far, just return

    while (countHelper->hasData()) {
        std::array<char, 1024> temp;
        qsizetype bytesRead = countHelper->read(temp.data(), temp.size());
        if (bytesRead == -1)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/*!
    \internal
    \overload
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::countInternal(const QByteArray &data)
{
    if (countDecompressed) {
        if (!countHelper) {
            countHelper = std::make_unique<QDecompressHelper>();
            countHelper->setDecompressedSafetyCheckThreshold(archiveBombCheckThreshold);
            countHelper->setEncoding(contentEncoding);
        }
        countHelper->feed(data);
        return countInternal();
    }
    return true;
}

/*!
    \internal
    \overload
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::countInternal(const QByteDataBuffer &buffer)
{
    if (countDecompressed) {
        if (!countHelper) {
            countHelper = std::make_unique<QDecompressHelper>();
            countHelper->setDecompressedSafetyCheckThreshold(archiveBombCheckThreshold);
            countHelper->setEncoding(contentEncoding);
        }
        countHelper->feed(buffer);
        return countInternal();
    }
    return true;
}

qsizetype QDecompressHelper::read(char *data, qsizetype maxSize)
{
    if (maxSize <= 0)
        return 0;

    if (!isValid())
        return -1;

    if (!hasData())
        return 0;

    qsizetype cachedRead = 0;
    if (!decompressedDataBuffer.isEmpty()) {
        cachedRead = decompressedDataBuffer.read(data, maxSize);
        data += cachedRead;
        maxSize -= cachedRead;
    }

    qsizetype bytesRead = readInternal(data, maxSize);
    if (bytesRead == -1)
        return -1;
    totalBytesRead += bytesRead + cachedRead;
    return bytesRead + cachedRead;
}

/*!
    \internal
    Like read() but without attempting to read the
    cached/already-decompressed data.
*/
qsizetype QDecompressHelper::readInternal(char *data, qsizetype maxSize)
{
    Q_ASSERT(isValid());

    if (maxSize <= 0)
        return 0;

    if (!hasDataInternal())
        return 0;

    qsizetype bytesRead = -1;
    switch (contentEncoding) {
    case None:
        Q_UNREACHABLE();
        break;
    case Deflate:
    case GZip:
        bytesRead = readZLib(data, maxSize);
        break;
    case Brotli:
        bytesRead = readBrotli(data, maxSize);
        break;
    case Zstandard:
        bytesRead = readZstandard(data, maxSize);
        break;
    }
    if (bytesRead == -1)
        clear();

    totalUncompressedBytes += bytesRead;
    if (isPotentialArchiveBomb()) {
        errorStr = QCoreApplication::translate(
                "QHttp",
                "The decompressed output exceeds the limits specified by "
                "QNetworkRequest::decompressedSafetyCheckThreshold()");
        return -1;
    }

    return bytesRead;
}

/*!
    \internal
    Set the \a threshold required before the archive bomb detection kicks in.
    By default this is 10MB. Setting it to -1 is treated as disabling the
    feature.
*/
void QDecompressHelper::setDecompressedSafetyCheckThreshold(qint64 threshold)
{
    if (threshold == -1)
        threshold = std::numeric_limits<qint64>::max();
    archiveBombCheckThreshold = threshold;
}

bool QDecompressHelper::isPotentialArchiveBomb() const
{
    if (totalCompressedBytes == 0)
        return false;

    if (totalUncompressedBytes <= archiveBombCheckThreshold)
        return false;

    // Some protection against malicious or corrupted compressed files that expand far more than
    // is reasonable.
    double ratio = double(totalUncompressedBytes) / double(totalCompressedBytes);
    switch (contentEncoding) {
    case None:
        Q_UNREACHABLE();
        break;
    case Deflate:
    case GZip:
        // This value is mentioned in docs for
        // QNetworkRequest::setMinimumArchiveBombSize, keep synchronized
        if (ratio > 40) {
            return true;
        }
        break;
    case Brotli:
    case Zstandard:
        // This value is mentioned in docs for
        // QNetworkRequest::setMinimumArchiveBombSize, keep synchronized
        if (ratio > 100) {
            return true;
        }
        break;
    }
    return false;
}

/*!
    \internal
    Returns true if there are encoded bytes left or there is some
    indication that the decoder still has data left internally.

    \note Even if this returns true the next call to read() might
    read 0 bytes. This most likely means the decompression is done.
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::hasData() const
{
    return hasDataInternal() || !decompressedDataBuffer.isEmpty();
}

/*!
    \internal
    Like hasData() but internally the buffer of decompressed data is
    not interesting.
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::hasDataInternal() const
{
    return encodedBytesAvailable() || decoderHasData;
}

qint64 QDecompressHelper::encodedBytesAvailable() const
{
    return compressedDataBuffer.byteAmount();
}

/*!
    \internal
    Returns whether or not the object is valid.
    If it becomes invalid after an operation has been performed
    then an error has occurred.
    \sa errorString()
*/
bool QDecompressHelper::isValid() const
{
    return contentEncoding != None;
}

/*!
    \internal
    Returns a string describing the error that occurred or an empty
    string if no error occurred.
    \sa isValid()
*/
QString QDecompressHelper::errorString() const
{
    return errorStr;
}

void QDecompressHelper::clear()
{
    switch (contentEncoding) {
    case None:
        break;
    case Deflate:
    case GZip: {
        z_stream *inflateStream = toZlibPointer(decoderPointer);
        if (inflateStream)
            inflateEnd(inflateStream);
        delete inflateStream;
        break;
    }
    case Brotli: {
#if QT_CONFIG(brotli)
        BrotliDecoderState *brotliDecoderState = toBrotliPointer(decoderPointer);
        if (brotliDecoderState)
            BrotliDecoderDestroyInstance(brotliDecoderState);
#endif
        break;
    }
    case Zstandard: {
#if QT_CONFIG(zstd)
        ZSTD_DStream *zstdStream = toZstandardPointer(decoderPointer);
        if (zstdStream)
            ZSTD_freeDStream(zstdStream);
#endif
        break;
    }
    }
    decoderPointer = nullptr;
    contentEncoding = None;

    compressedDataBuffer.clear();
    decompressedDataBuffer.clear();
    decoderHasData = false;

    countDecompressed = false;
    countHelper.reset();
    totalBytesRead = 0;
    totalUncompressedBytes = 0;
    totalCompressedBytes = 0;

    errorStr.clear();
}

qsizetype QDecompressHelper::readZLib(char *data, const qsizetype maxSize)
{
    bool triedRawDeflate = false;

    z_stream *inflateStream = toZlibPointer(decoderPointer);
    static const size_t zlibMaxSize =
            size_t(std::numeric_limits<decltype(inflateStream->avail_in)>::max());

    QByteArrayView input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
    if (size_t(input.size()) > zlibMaxSize)
        input = input.sliced(zlibMaxSize);

    inflateStream->avail_in = input.size();
    inflateStream->next_in = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(const_cast<char *>(input.data()));

    bool bigMaxSize = (zlibMaxSize < size_t(maxSize));
    qsizetype adjustedAvailableOut = bigMaxSize ? qsizetype(zlibMaxSize) : maxSize;
    inflateStream->avail_out = adjustedAvailableOut;
    inflateStream->next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(data);

    qsizetype bytesDecoded = 0;
    do {
        auto previous_avail_out = inflateStream->avail_out;
        int ret = inflate(inflateStream, Z_NO_FLUSH);
        // All negative return codes are errors, in the context of HTTP compression, Z_NEED_DICT is
        // also an error.
        // in the case where we get Z_DATA_ERROR this could be because we received raw deflate
        // compressed data.
        if (ret == Z_DATA_ERROR && !triedRawDeflate) {
            inflateEnd(inflateStream);
            triedRawDeflate = true;
            inflateStream->zalloc = Z_NULL;
            inflateStream->zfree = Z_NULL;
            inflateStream->opaque = Z_NULL;
            inflateStream->avail_in = 0;
            inflateStream->next_in = Z_NULL;
            int ret = inflateInit2(inflateStream, -MAX_WBITS);
            if (ret != Z_OK) {
                return -1;
            } else {
                inflateStream->avail_in = input.size();
                inflateStream->next_in =
                        reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(const_cast<char *>(input.data()));
                continue;
            }
        } else if (ret < 0 || ret == Z_NEED_DICT) {
            return -1;
        }
        bytesDecoded += qsizetype(previous_avail_out - inflateStream->avail_out);
        if (ret == Z_STREAM_END) {

            // If there's more data after the stream then this is probably composed of multiple
            // streams.
            if (inflateStream->avail_in != 0) {
                inflateEnd(inflateStream);
                Bytef *next_in = inflateStream->next_in;
                uInt avail_in = inflateStream->avail_in;
                inflateStream->zalloc = Z_NULL;
                inflateStream->zfree = Z_NULL;
                inflateStream->opaque = Z_NULL;
                if (inflateInit2(inflateStream, MAX_WBITS + 32) != Z_OK) {
                    delete inflateStream;
                    decoderPointer = nullptr;
                    // Failed to reinitialize, so we'll just return what we have
                    compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size() - avail_in);
                    return bytesDecoded;
                } else {
                    inflateStream->next_in = next_in;
                    inflateStream->avail_in = avail_in;
                    // Keep going to handle the other cases below
                }
            } else {
                // No extra data, stream is at the end. We're done.
                compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size());
                return bytesDecoded;
            }
        }

        if (bigMaxSize && inflateStream->avail_out == 0) {
            // Need to adjust the next_out and avail_out parameters since we reached the end
            // of the current range
            bigMaxSize = (zlibMaxSize < size_t(maxSize - bytesDecoded));
            inflateStream->avail_out = bigMaxSize ? qsizetype(zlibMaxSize) : maxSize - bytesDecoded;
            inflateStream->next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(data + bytesDecoded);
        }

        if (inflateStream->avail_in == 0 && inflateStream->avail_out > 0) {
            // Grab the next input!
            compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size());
            input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
            if (size_t(input.size()) > zlibMaxSize)
                input = input.sliced(zlibMaxSize);
            inflateStream->avail_in = input.size();
            inflateStream->next_in =
                    reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(const_cast<char *>(input.data()));
        }
    } while (inflateStream->avail_out > 0 && inflateStream->avail_in > 0);

    compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size() - inflateStream->avail_in);

    return bytesDecoded;
}

qsizetype QDecompressHelper::readBrotli(char *data, const qsizetype maxSize)
{
#if !QT_CONFIG(brotli)
    Q_UNUSED(data);
    Q_UNUSED(maxSize);
    Q_UNREACHABLE();
#else
    qint64 bytesDecoded = 0;

    BrotliDecoderState *brotliDecoderState = toBrotliPointer(decoderPointer);

    while (decoderHasData && bytesDecoded < maxSize) {
        Q_ASSERT(brotliUnconsumedDataPtr || BrotliDecoderHasMoreOutput(brotliDecoderState));
        if (brotliUnconsumedDataPtr) {
            Q_ASSERT(brotliUnconsumedAmount);
            size_t toRead = std::min(size_t(maxSize - bytesDecoded), brotliUnconsumedAmount);
            memcpy(data + bytesDecoded, brotliUnconsumedDataPtr, toRead);
            bytesDecoded += toRead;
            brotliUnconsumedAmount -= toRead;
            brotliUnconsumedDataPtr += toRead;
            if (brotliUnconsumedAmount == 0) {
                brotliUnconsumedDataPtr = nullptr;
                decoderHasData = false;
            }
        }
        if (BrotliDecoderHasMoreOutput(brotliDecoderState) == BROTLI_TRUE) {
            brotliUnconsumedDataPtr =
                    BrotliDecoderTakeOutput(brotliDecoderState, &brotliUnconsumedAmount);
            decoderHasData = true;
        }
    }
    if (bytesDecoded == maxSize)
        return bytesDecoded;
    Q_ASSERT(bytesDecoded < maxSize);

    QByteArrayView input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
    const uint8_t *encodedPtr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input.data());
    size_t encodedBytesRemaining = input.size();

    uint8_t *decodedPtr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data + bytesDecoded);
    size_t unusedDecodedSize = size_t(maxSize - bytesDecoded);
    while (unusedDecodedSize > 0) {
        auto previousUnusedDecodedSize = unusedDecodedSize;
        BrotliDecoderResult result = BrotliDecoderDecompressStream(
                brotliDecoderState, &encodedBytesRemaining, &encodedPtr, &unusedDecodedSize,
                &decodedPtr, nullptr);
        bytesDecoded += previousUnusedDecodedSize - unusedDecodedSize;

        switch (result) {
        case BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR:
            errorStr = QLatin1String("Brotli error: %1")
                               .arg(QString::fromUtf8(BrotliDecoderErrorString(
                                       BrotliDecoderGetErrorCode(brotliDecoderState))));
            return -1;
        case BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_SUCCESS:
            BrotliDecoderDestroyInstance(brotliDecoderState);
            decoderPointer = nullptr;
            compressedDataBuffer.clear();
            return bytesDecoded;
        case BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT:
            compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size());
            input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
            if (!input.isEmpty()) {
                encodedPtr = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(input.constData());
                encodedBytesRemaining = input.size();
                break;
            }
            return bytesDecoded;
        case BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT:
            // Some data is leftover inside the brotli decoder, remember for next time
            decoderHasData = BrotliDecoderHasMoreOutput(brotliDecoderState);
            Q_ASSERT(unusedDecodedSize == 0);
            break;
        }
    }
    compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size() - encodedBytesRemaining);
    return bytesDecoded;
#endif
}

qsizetype QDecompressHelper::readZstandard(char *data, const qsizetype maxSize)
{
#if !QT_CONFIG(zstd)
    Q_UNUSED(data);
    Q_UNUSED(maxSize);
    Q_UNREACHABLE();
#else
    ZSTD_DStream *zstdStream = toZstandardPointer(decoderPointer);

    QByteArrayView input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
    ZSTD_inBuffer inBuf { input.data(), size_t(input.size()), 0 };

    ZSTD_outBuffer outBuf { data, size_t(maxSize), 0 };

    qsizetype bytesDecoded = 0;
    while (outBuf.pos < outBuf.size && (inBuf.pos < inBuf.size || decoderHasData)) {
        size_t retValue = ZSTD_decompressStream(zstdStream, &outBuf, &inBuf);
        if (ZSTD_isError(retValue)) {
            errorStr = QLatin1String("ZStandard error: %1")
                               .arg(QString::fromUtf8(ZSTD_getErrorName(retValue)));
            return -1;
        } else {
            decoderHasData = false;
            bytesDecoded = outBuf.pos;
            // if pos == size then there may be data left over in internal buffers
            if (outBuf.pos == outBuf.size) {
                decoderHasData = true;
            } else if (inBuf.pos == inBuf.size) {
                compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(input.size());
                input = compressedDataBuffer.readPointer();
                inBuf = { input.constData(), size_t(input.size()), 0 };
            }
        }
    }
    compressedDataBuffer.advanceReadPointer(inBuf.pos);
    return bytesDecoded;
#endif
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE
