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**
** Copyright (C) 2017 Intel Corporation.
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**
** This file is part of the test suite of the Qt Toolkit.
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** Foundation with exceptions as appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL3-EXCEPT
** included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following
** information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will
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#include <QTest>
#include <qlist.h>
#include <qobject.h>
#include <qrandom.h>
#include <private/qrandom_p.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <random>

#if !QT_CONFIG(getentropy) && (defined(Q_OS_BSD4) || defined(Q_OS_WIN))
#  define HAVE_FALLBACK_ENGINE
#endif

#define COMMA   ,
#define QVERIFY_3TIMES(statement)    \
    do {\
        if (!static_cast<bool>(statement))\
            if (!static_cast<bool>(statement))\
                if (!QTest::qVerify(static_cast<bool>(statement), #statement, "3rd try", __FILE__, __LINE__))\
                    return;\
    } while (0)

// values chosen at random
static const quint32 RandomValue32 = 0x4d1169f1U;
static const quint64 RandomValue64 = Q_UINT64_C(0x3ce63161b998aa91);
static const double RandomValueFP = double(0.3010463714599609);

static void setRNGControl(uint v)
{
#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    qt_randomdevice_control.storeRelaxed(v);
#else
    Q_UNUSED(v);
#endif
}

class tst_QRandomGenerator : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT

public slots:
    void cleanup() { setRNGControl(0); }

private slots:
    void basics();
    void knownSequence();
    void discard();
    void copying();
    void copyingGlobal();
    void copyingSystem();
    void systemRng();
    void securelySeeding();

    void generate32_data();
    void generate32();
    void generate64_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void generate64();
    void quality_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void quality();
    void fillRangeUInt_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void fillRangeUInt();
    void fillRangeULong_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void fillRangeULong();
    void fillRangeULLong_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void fillRangeULLong();
    void generateUInt_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void generateUInt();
    void generateULLong_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void generateULLong();
    void generateNonContiguous_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void generateNonContiguous();

    void bounded_data();
    void bounded();
    void boundedQuality_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void boundedQuality();
    void bounded64_data();
    void bounded64();
    void bounded64Quality_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void bounded64Quality();

    void generateReal_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void generateReal();
    void qualityReal_data() { generate32_data(); }
    void qualityReal();

    void seedStdRandomEngines();
    void stdUniformIntDistribution_data();
    void stdUniformIntDistribution();
    void stdGenerateCanonical_data() { generateReal_data(); }
    void stdGenerateCanonical();
    void stdUniformRealDistribution_data();
    void stdUniformRealDistribution();
    void stdRandomDistributions();
};

// The first 20 results of the sequence:
static const quint32 defaultRngResults[] = {
    853323747U, 2396352728U, 3025954838U, 2985633182U, 2815751046U,
    340588426U, 3587208406U, 298087538U, 2912478009U, 3642122814U,
    3202916223U, 799257577U, 1872145992U, 639469699U, 3201121432U,
    2388658094U, 1735523408U, 2215232359U, 668106566U, 2554687763U
};


using namespace std;
QT_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wfloat-equal")
QT_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wfloat-equal")

struct RandomGenerator : public QRandomGenerator
{
    RandomGenerator(uint control)
        : QRandomGenerator(control ?
                               QRandomGenerator(control & RandomDataMask) :
                               *QRandomGenerator::global())
    {
        setRNGControl(control);
    }
};

void tst_QRandomGenerator::basics()
{
    // default constructible
    QRandomGenerator rng;

QT_WARNING_PUSH
QT_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wself-move")
QT_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wself-assign-overloaded")
    // copyable && movable
    rng = rng;
    rng = std::move(rng);

    // 64-bit
    QRandomGenerator64 rng64;
    rng64 = rng64;
    rng64 = std::move(rng64);
QT_WARNING_POP

    // 32- and 64-bit should be interchangeable:
    rng = rng64;
    rng64 = rng;
    rng = std::move(rng64);
    rng64 = std::move(rng);

    rng = QRandomGenerator64::securelySeeded();
    rng64 = QRandomGenerator::securelySeeded();

    // access global
    QRandomGenerator *global = QRandomGenerator::global();
    QRandomGenerator globalCopy = *global;
    globalCopy = *global;
    QRandomGenerator64 *global64 = QRandomGenerator64::global();
    QRandomGenerator64 globalCopy64 = *global64;
    globalCopy64 = *global64;

    // access system
    QRandomGenerator *system = QRandomGenerator::system();
    QRandomGenerator systemRng = *system;
    systemRng = *system;

    QRandomGenerator64 *system64 = QRandomGenerator64::system();
    QRandomGenerator64 systemRng64 = *system64;
    systemRng64 = *system64;

    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(rng64.generate()) COMMA quint64>::value);
    static_assert(std::is_same<decltype(system64->generate()) COMMA quint64>::value);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::knownSequence()
{
    QRandomGenerator rng;
    for (quint32 x : defaultRngResults)
        QCOMPARE(rng(), x);

    // should work again if we reseed it
    rng.seed();
    for (quint32 x : defaultRngResults)
        QCOMPARE(rng(), x);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::discard()
{
    QRandomGenerator rng;
    rng.discard(1);
    QCOMPARE(rng(), defaultRngResults[1]);

    rng.discard(9);
    QCOMPARE(rng(), defaultRngResults[11]);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::copying()
{
    QRandomGenerator rng1;
    QRandomGenerator rng2 = rng1;
    QCOMPARE(rng1, rng2);

    quint32 samples[20];
    rng1.fillRange(samples);

    // not equal anymore
    QVERIFY(rng1 != rng2);

    // should produce the same sequence, whichever it was
    for (quint32 x : samples)
        QCOMPARE(rng2(), x);

    // now they should compare equal again
    QCOMPARE(rng1, rng2);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::copyingGlobal()
{
    QRandomGenerator &global = *QRandomGenerator::global();
    QRandomGenerator copy = global;
    QCOMPARE(copy, global);
    QCOMPARE(global, copy);

    quint32 samples[20];
    global.fillRange(samples);

    // not equal anymore
    QVERIFY(copy != global);

    // should produce the same sequence, whichever it was
    for (quint32 x : samples)
        QCOMPARE(copy(), x);

    // equal again
    QCOMPARE(copy, global);
    QCOMPARE(global, copy);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::copyingSystem()
{
    QRandomGenerator &system = *QRandomGenerator::system();
    QRandomGenerator copy = system;
    QRandomGenerator copy2 = copy;
    copy2 = copy;
    QCOMPARE(system, copy);
    QCOMPARE(copy, copy2);

    quint32 samples[20];
    copy2.fillRange(samples);

    // they still compre equally
    QCOMPARE(system, copy);
    QCOMPARE(copy, copy2);

    // should NOT produce the same sequence, whichever it was
    int sameCount = 0;
    for (quint32 x : samples)
        sameCount += (copy() == x);
    QVERIFY(sameCount < 20);

    QCOMPARE(system, copy);
    QCOMPARE(copy, copy2);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::systemRng()
{
    QRandomGenerator *rng = QRandomGenerator::system();
    rng->generate();
    rng->generate64();
    rng->generateDouble();
    rng->bounded(100);
    rng->bounded(100U);

#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    quint32 setpoint = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    ++setpoint;
    quint64 setpoint64 = quint64(setpoint) << 32 | setpoint;
    setRNGControl(SetRandomData | setpoint);

    QCOMPARE(rng->generate(), setpoint);
    QCOMPARE(rng->generate64(), setpoint64);
    QCOMPARE(rng->generateDouble(), ldexp(setpoint64, -64));
    QCOMPARE(rng->bounded(100), 50);
#endif
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::securelySeeding()
{
    QRandomGenerator rng1 = QRandomGenerator::securelySeeded();
    QRandomGenerator rng2 = QRandomGenerator::securelySeeded();

    quint32 samples[20];
    rng1.fillRange(samples);

    // should NOT produce the same sequence, whichever it was
    int sameCount = 0;
    for (quint32 x : samples)
        sameCount += (rng2() == x);
    QVERIFY(sameCount < 20);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generate32_data()
{
    QTest::addColumn<uint>("control");
    QTest::newRow("fixed") << (RandomValue32 & RandomDataMask);
    QTest::newRow("global") << 0U;
#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    if (qHasHwrng())
        QTest::newRow("hwrng") << uint(UseSystemRNG);
    QTest::newRow("system") << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG);
#  ifdef HAVE_FALLBACK_ENGINE
    QTest::newRow("system-fallback") << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG | SkipSystemRNG);
#  endif
#endif
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generate32()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            quint32 value = rng.generate();
            return value != 0 && value != RandomValue32;
        }());
    }

    // and should hopefully be different from repeated calls
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generate() != rng.generate());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generate64()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generate64() > std::numeric_limits<quint32>::max());
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            quint64 value = rng.generate64();
            return value != 0 && value != RandomValue32 && value != RandomValue64;
        }());
    }

    // and should hopefully be different from repeated calls
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generate64() != rng.generate64());
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generate() != quint32(rng.generate64()));
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generate() != (rng.generate64() >> 32));
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::quality()
{
    enum {
        BufferSize = 2048,
        BufferCount = BufferSize / sizeof(quint32),

        // if the distribution were perfect, each byte in the buffer would
        // appear exactly:
        PerfectDistribution = BufferSize / (UCHAR_MAX + 1),

        // The chance of a value appearing N times above its perfect
        // distribution is the same as it appearing N times in a row:
        //   N      Probability
        //   1       100%
        //   2       0.390625%
        //   3       15.25 in a million
        //   4       59.60 in a billion
        //   8       5.421e-20
        //   16      2.938e-39

        AcceptableThreshold = 4 * PerfectDistribution,
        FailureThreshold = 16 * PerfectDistribution
    };
    static_assert(FailureThreshold > AcceptableThreshold);

    QFETCH(uint, control);
    if (control & RandomDataMask)
        return;
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    int histogram[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
    memset(histogram, 0, sizeof(histogram));

    {
        // test the quality of the generator
        quint32 buffer[BufferCount];
        memset(buffer, 0xcc, sizeof(buffer));
        generate_n(buffer, +BufferCount, [&] { return rng.generate(); });

        quint8 *ptr = reinterpret_cast<quint8 *>(buffer);
        quint8 *end = ptr + sizeof(buffer);
        for ( ; ptr != end; ++ptr)
            histogram[*ptr]++;
    }

    for (uint i = 0; i < sizeof(histogram)/sizeof(histogram[0]); ++i) {
        int v = histogram[i];
        if (v > AcceptableThreshold)
            qDebug() << i << "above threshold:" << v;
        QVERIFY2(v < FailureThreshold, QByteArray::number(i));
    }
    qDebug() << "Average:" << (std::accumulate(begin(histogram), end(histogram), 0) / (1. * (UCHAR_MAX + 1)))
             << "(expected" << int(PerfectDistribution) << "ideally)"
             << "Max:" << *std::max_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram))
             << "at" << std::max_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram)) - histogram
             << "Min:" << *std::min_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram))
             << "at" << std::min_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram)) - histogram;
}

template <typename T> void fillRange_template()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            T value[1] = { RandomValue32 };
            rng.fillRange(value);
            return value[0] != 0 && value[0] != RandomValue32;
        }());
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            T array[2] = {};
            rng.fillRange(array);
            return array[0] != array[1];
        }());
    }

    if (sizeof(T) > sizeof(quint32)) {
        // just to shut up a warning about shifting uint more than the width
        enum { Shift = sizeof(T) / 2 * CHAR_BIT };
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            T value[1] = { };
            rng.fillRange(value);
            return quint32(value[0] >> Shift) != quint32(value[0]);
        }());
    }

    // fill in a longer range
    auto longerArrayCheck = [&] {
        T array[32];
        memset(array, 0, sizeof(array));
        rng.fillRange(array);
        if (sizeof(T) == sizeof(RandomValue64)
                && find(begin(array), end(array), RandomValue64) != end(array))
            return false;
        return find(begin(array), end(array), 0) == end(array) &&
                find(begin(array), end(array), RandomValue32) == end(array);
    };
    QVERIFY_3TIMES(longerArrayCheck());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::fillRangeUInt() { fillRange_template<uint>(); }
void tst_QRandomGenerator::fillRangeULong() { fillRange_template<ulong>(); }
void tst_QRandomGenerator::fillRangeULLong() { fillRange_template<qulonglong>(); }

template <typename T> void generate_template()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    // almost the same as fillRange, but limited to 32 bits
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            T value[1] = { RandomValue32 };
            QRandomGenerator().generate(begin(value), end(value));
            return value[0] != 0 && value[0] != RandomValue32
                    && value[0] <= numeric_limits<quint32>::max();
        }());
    }

    // fill in a longer range
    auto longerArrayCheck = [&] {
        T array[72] = {};   // at least 256 bytes
        QRandomGenerator().generate(begin(array), end(array));
        return find_if(begin(array), end(array), [&](T cur) {
                return cur == 0 || cur == RandomValue32 ||
                        cur == RandomValue64 || cur > numeric_limits<quint32>::max();
            }) == end(array);
    };
    QVERIFY_3TIMES(longerArrayCheck());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generateUInt() { generate_template<uint>(); }
void tst_QRandomGenerator::generateULLong() { generate_template<qulonglong>(); }

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generateNonContiguous()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    std::list<quint64> list(8);
    auto longerArrayCheck = [&] {
        QRandomGenerator().generate(list.begin(), list.end());
        return find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [&](quint64 cur) {
                return cur == 0 || cur == RandomValue32 ||
                        cur == RandomValue64 || cur > numeric_limits<quint32>::max();
            }) == list.end();
    };
    QVERIFY_3TIMES(longerArrayCheck());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::bounded_data()
{
#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    QSKIP("Test only possible in developer builds");
#endif

    QTest::addColumn<uint>("control");
    QTest::addColumn<quint32>("sup");
    QTest::addColumn<quint32>("expected");

    auto newRow = [&](quint32 val, quint32 sup) {
        // calculate the scaled value
        quint64 scaled = val;
        scaled <<= 32;
        scaled /= sup;
        unsigned shifted = unsigned(scaled);
        Q_ASSERT(val < sup);
        Q_ASSERT((shifted & RandomDataMask) == shifted);

        unsigned control = SetRandomData | shifted;
        QTest::addRow("%u,%u", val, sup) << control << sup << val;
    };

    // useless: we can only generate zeroes:
    newRow(0, 1);

    newRow(25, 200);
    newRow(50, 200);
    newRow(75, 200);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::bounded()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    QFETCH(quint32, sup);
    QFETCH(quint32, expected);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    quint32 value = rng.bounded(sup);
    QVERIFY(value < sup);
    QCOMPARE(value, expected);

    int ivalue = rng.bounded(int(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < int(sup));
    QCOMPARE(ivalue, int(expected));

    // confirm only the bound now
    setRNGControl(control & (SkipHWRNG|SkipSystemRNG|UseSystemRNG));
    value = rng.bounded(sup);
    QVERIFY(value < sup);

    value = rng.bounded(sup / 2, 3 * sup / 2);
    QVERIFY(value >= sup / 2);
    QVERIFY(value < 3 * sup / 2);

    ivalue = rng.bounded(-int(sup), int(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue >= -int(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < int(sup));

    // wholly negative range
    ivalue = rng.bounded(-int(sup), 0);
    QVERIFY(ivalue >= -int(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < 0);
}

template <typename UInt> static void boundedQuality_template()
{
    using Int = std::make_signed_t<UInt>;
    constexpr Int Bound = 283;       // a prime number
    enum : Int {
        BufferCount = Bound * 32,

        // if the distribution were perfect, each byte in the buffer would
        // appear exactly:
        PerfectDistribution = BufferCount / Bound,

        // The chance of a value appearing N times above its perfect
        // distribution is the same as it appearing N times in a row:
        //   N      Probability
        //   1       100%
        //   2       0.390625%
        //   3       15.25 in a million
        //   4       59.60 in a billion
        //   8       5.421e-20
        //   16      2.938e-39

        AcceptableThreshold = 4 * PerfectDistribution,
        FailureThreshold = 16 * PerfectDistribution
    };
    static_assert(FailureThreshold > AcceptableThreshold);

    QFETCH(uint, control);
    if (control & RandomDataMask)
        return;
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    int histogram[Bound];
    memset(histogram, 0, sizeof(histogram));

    {
        // test the quality of the generator
        UInt filler = 0xcdcdcdcd;
        if (sizeof(filler) > sizeof(quint32))
            filler |= filler << (std::numeric_limits<UInt>::digits / 2);
        QVector<UInt> buffer(BufferCount, filler);
        generate(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), [&] { return rng.bounded(Bound); });

        for (UInt value : qAsConst(buffer)) {
            QVERIFY(value < Bound);
            histogram[value]++;
        }
    }

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(histogram)/sizeof(histogram[0]); ++i) {
        int v = histogram[i];
        if (v > AcceptableThreshold)
            qDebug() << i << "above threshold:" << v;
        QVERIFY2(v < FailureThreshold, QByteArray::number(i));
    }

    qDebug() << "Average:" << (std::accumulate(begin(histogram), end(histogram), 0) / qreal(Bound))
             << "(expected" << int(PerfectDistribution) << "ideally)"
             << "Max:" << *std::max_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram))
             << "at" << std::max_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram)) - histogram
             << "Min:" << *std::min_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram))
             << "at" << std::min_element(begin(histogram), end(histogram)) - histogram;
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::boundedQuality()
{
    boundedQuality_template<quint32>();
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::bounded64Quality()
{
    boundedQuality_template<quint64>();
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::bounded64_data()
{
#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    QSKIP("Test only possible in developer builds");
#endif

    QTest::addColumn<uint>("control");
    QTest::addColumn<quint64>("sup");
    QTest::addColumn<quint64>("expected");

    auto newRow = [&](unsigned val, unsigned sup) {
        Q_ASSERT((val & ~RandomDataMask) == 0);

        unsigned control = SetRandomData | val;
        QTest::addRow("%u,%u", val, sup) << control << quint64(sup) << quint64(val);
    };

    // useless: we can only generate zeroes:
    newRow(0, 1);

    newRow(0x10, 200);
    newRow(0x20, 200);
    newRow(0x80, 200);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::bounded64()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    QFETCH(quint64, sup);
    QFETCH(quint64, expected);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    quint64 value = rng.bounded(sup);
    QVERIFY(value < sup);
    QCOMPARE(value, expected);

    qint64 ivalue = rng.bounded(qint64(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < int(sup));
    QCOMPARE(ivalue, int(expected));

    // confirm only the bound now
    setRNGControl(control & (SkipHWRNG|SkipSystemRNG|UseSystemRNG));
    value = rng.bounded(sup);
    QVERIFY(value < sup);

    value = rng.bounded(sup / 2, 3 * sup / 2);
    QVERIFY(value >= sup / 2);
    QVERIFY(value < 3 * sup / 2);

    ivalue = rng.bounded(-qint64(sup), qint64(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue >= -qint64(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < qint64(sup));

    // wholly negative range
    ivalue = rng.bounded(-qint64(sup), qint64(0));
    QVERIFY(ivalue >= -qint64(sup));
    QVERIFY(ivalue < 0);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::generateReal()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            qreal value = rng.generateDouble();
            return value >= 0 && value < 1 && value != RandomValueFP;
        }());
    }

    // and should hopefully be different from repeated calls
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(rng.generateDouble() != rng.generateDouble());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::qualityReal()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    if (control & RandomDataMask)
        return;
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    constexpr int SampleSize = 16000;

    // Expected value: sample size times proportion of the range:
    constexpr int PerfectOctile = SampleSize / 8;
    constexpr int PerfectHalf = SampleSize / 2;

    // Variance is (1 - proportion of range) * expected; sqrt() for standard deviations.
    // Should usually be within twice that and almost never outside four times:
    constexpr int RangeHalf = 252;     // floor(4 * sqrt((1 - 0.5) * PerfectHalf))
    constexpr int RangeOctile = 167;   // floor(4 * sqrt((1 - 0.125) * PerfectOctile))

    double data[SampleSize];
    std::generate(std::begin(data), std::end(data), [&rng] { return rng.generateDouble(); });

    int aboveHalf = 0;
    int belowOneEighth = 0;
    int aboveSevenEighths = 0;
    for (double x : data) {
        aboveHalf += x >= 0.5;
        belowOneEighth += x < 0.125;
        aboveSevenEighths += x >= 0.875;

        // these are strict requirements
        QVERIFY(x >= 0);
        QVERIFY(x < 1);
    }

    qInfo("Halfway distribution: %.1f - %.1f", 100. * aboveHalf / SampleSize, 100 - 100. * aboveHalf / SampleSize);
    qInfo("%.1f below 1/8 (expected 12.5%% ideally)", 100. * belowOneEighth / SampleSize);
    qInfo("%.1f above 7/8 (expected 12.5%% ideally)", 100. * aboveSevenEighths / SampleSize);

    QVERIFY(aboveHalf < PerfectHalf + RangeHalf);
    QVERIFY(aboveHalf > PerfectHalf - RangeHalf);
    QVERIFY(aboveSevenEighths < PerfectOctile + RangeOctile);
    QVERIFY(aboveSevenEighths > PerfectOctile - RangeOctile);
    QVERIFY(belowOneEighth < PerfectOctile + RangeOctile);
    QVERIFY(belowOneEighth > PerfectOctile - RangeOctile);
}

template <typename Engine> void seedStdRandomEngine()
{
    {
        QRandomGenerator &rd = *QRandomGenerator::system();
        Engine e(rd);
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(e() != 0);

        e.seed(rd);
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(e() != 0);
    }
    {
        QRandomGenerator64 &rd = *QRandomGenerator64::system();
        Engine e(rd);
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(e() != 0);

        e.seed(rd);
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(e() != 0);
    }
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::seedStdRandomEngines()
{
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::default_random_engine>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::minstd_rand0>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::minstd_rand>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::mt19937>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::mt19937_64>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::ranlux24_base>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::ranlux48_base>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::ranlux24>();
    seedStdRandomEngine<std::ranlux48>();
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdUniformIntDistribution_data()
{
#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    QSKIP("Test only possible in developer builds");
#endif

    QTest::addColumn<uint>("control");
    QTest::addColumn<quint32>("max");

    auto newRow = [&](quint32 max) {
#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
        if (qHasHwrng())
            QTest::addRow("hwrng:%u", max) << uint(UseSystemRNG) << max;
        QTest::addRow("system:%u", max) << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG) << max;
#  ifdef HAVE_FALLBACK_ENGINE
        QTest::addRow("system-fallback:%u", max) << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG | SkipSystemRNG) << max;
#  endif
#endif
        QTest::addRow("global:%u", max) << 0U << max;
    };

    // useless: we can only generate zeroes:
    newRow(0);

    newRow(1);
    newRow(199);
    newRow(numeric_limits<quint32>::max());
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdUniformIntDistribution()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    QFETCH(quint32, max);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    {
        QRandomGenerator rd;
        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint32> dist(0, max);
            quint32 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
        if ((3 * max / 2) > max) {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint32> dist(max / 2, 3 * max / 2);
            quint32 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }

        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint64> dist(0, quint64(max) << 32);
            quint64 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint64> dist(max / 2, 3 * quint64(max) / 2);
            quint64 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
    }

    {
        QRandomGenerator64 rd;
        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint32> dist(0, max);
            quint32 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
        if ((3 * max / 2) > max) {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint32> dist(max / 2, 3 * max / 2);
            quint32 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }

        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint64> dist(0, quint64(max) << 32);
            quint64 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
        {
            std::uniform_int_distribution<quint64> dist(max / 2, 3 * quint64(max) / 2);
            quint64 value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            QVERIFY(value <= dist.max());
        }
    }
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdGenerateCanonical()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    RandomGenerator rng(control);

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        QVERIFY_3TIMES([&] {
            qreal value = std::generate_canonical<qreal COMMA 32>(rng);
            return value > 0 && value < 1 && value != RandomValueFP;
        }());
    }

    // and should hopefully be different from repeated calls
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(std::generate_canonical<qreal COMMA 32>(rng) !=
                std::generate_canonical<qreal COMMA 32>(rng));
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdUniformRealDistribution_data()
{
#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
    QSKIP("Test only possible in developer builds");
#endif

    QTest::addColumn<uint>("control");
    QTest::addColumn<double>("min");
    QTest::addColumn<double>("sup");

    auto newRow = [&](double min, double sup) {
#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
        if (qHasHwrng())
            QTest::addRow("hwrng:%g-%g", min, sup) << uint(UseSystemRNG) << min << sup;
        QTest::addRow("system:%g-%g", min, sup) << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG) << min << sup;
#  ifdef HAVE_FALLBACK_ENGINE
        QTest::addRow("system-fallback:%g-%g", min, sup) << uint(UseSystemRNG | SkipHWRNG | SkipSystemRNG) << min << sup;
#  endif
#endif
        QTest::addRow("global:%g-%g", min, sup) << 0U << min << sup;
    };

    newRow(0, 0);   // useless: we can only generate zeroes
    newRow(0, 1);   // canonical
    newRow(0, 200);
    newRow(0, numeric_limits<quint32>::max() + 1.);
    newRow(0, double(numeric_limits<quint64>::max()) + 1.);
    newRow(-1, 1.6);
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdUniformRealDistribution()
{
    QFETCH(uint, control);
    QFETCH(double, min);
    QFETCH(double, sup);
    RandomGenerator rng(control & (SkipHWRNG|SkipSystemRNG|UseSystemRNG));

    {
        QRandomGenerator rd;
        {
            std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(min, sup);
            double value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            if (min != sup)
                QVERIFY(value < dist.max());
        }
    }

    {
        QRandomGenerator64 rd;
        {
            std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(min, sup);
            double value = dist(rd);
            QVERIFY(value >= dist.min());
            if (min != sup)
                QVERIFY(value < dist.max());
        }
    }
}

template <typename Generator> void stdRandomDistributions_template()
{
    Generator rd;

    (void)std::bernoulli_distribution()(rd);

    (void)std::binomial_distribution<quint32>()(rd);
    (void)std::binomial_distribution<quint64>()(rd);

    (void)std::negative_binomial_distribution<quint32>()(rd);
    (void)std::negative_binomial_distribution<quint64>()(rd);

    (void)std::poisson_distribution<int>()(rd);
    (void)std::poisson_distribution<qint64>()(rd);

    (void)std::normal_distribution<qreal>()(rd);

    {
        std::discrete_distribution<int> discrete{0, 1, 1, 10000, 2};
        QVERIFY(discrete(rd) != 0);
        QVERIFY_3TIMES(discrete(rd) == 3);
    }
}

void tst_QRandomGenerator::stdRandomDistributions()
{
    // just a compile check for some of the distributions, besides
    // std::uniform_int_distribution and std::uniform_real_distribution (tested
    // above)

    stdRandomDistributions_template<QRandomGenerator>();
    stdRandomDistributions_template<QRandomGenerator64>();
}

QTEST_APPLESS_MAIN(tst_QRandomGenerator)

#include "tst_qrandomgenerator.moc"
