// Copyright 2017 The Crashpad Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "handler/linux/exception_handler_server.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/eventfd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <utility>

#include "base/compiler_specific.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/posix/eintr_wrapper.h"
#include "base/strings/string_number_conversions.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "util/file/file_io.h"
#include "util/file/filesystem.h"
#include "util/misc/as_underlying_type.h"

namespace crashpad {

namespace {

// Log an error for a socket after an EPOLLERR.
void LogSocketError(int sock) {
  int err;
  socklen_t err_len = sizeof(err);
  if (getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &err, &err_len) != 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "getsockopt";
  } else {
    errno = err;
    PLOG(ERROR) << "EPOLLERR";
  }
}

enum class PtraceScope {
  kClassic = 0,
  kRestricted,
  kAdminOnly,
  kNoAttach,
  kUnknown
};

PtraceScope GetPtraceScope() {
  const base::FilePath settings_file("/proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope");
  if (!IsRegularFile(base::FilePath(settings_file))) {
    return PtraceScope::kClassic;
  }

  std::string contents;
  if (!LoggingReadEntireFile(settings_file, &contents)) {
    return PtraceScope::kUnknown;
  }

  if (contents.back() != '\n') {
    LOG(ERROR) << "format error";
    return PtraceScope::kUnknown;
  }
  contents.pop_back();

  int ptrace_scope;
  if (!base::StringToInt(contents, &ptrace_scope)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "format error";
    return PtraceScope::kUnknown;
  }

  if (ptrace_scope < static_cast<int>(PtraceScope::kClassic) ||
      ptrace_scope >= static_cast<int>(PtraceScope::kUnknown)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "invalid ptrace scope";
    return PtraceScope::kUnknown;
  }

  return static_cast<PtraceScope>(ptrace_scope);
}

bool HaveCapSysPtrace() {
  struct __user_cap_header_struct cap_header = {};
  struct __user_cap_data_struct cap_data = {};

  cap_header.pid = getpid();

  if (syscall(SYS_capget, &cap_header, &cap_data) != 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "capget";
    return false;
  }

  if (cap_header.version != _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected capability version " << std::hex
               << cap_header.version;
    return false;
  }

  return (cap_data.effective & (1 << CAP_SYS_PTRACE)) != 0;
}

bool SendMessageToClient(int client_sock, ServerToClientMessage::Type type) {
  ServerToClientMessage message = {};
  message.type = type;
  if (type == ServerToClientMessage::kTypeSetPtracer) {
    message.pid = getpid();
  }
  return LoggingWriteFile(client_sock, &message, sizeof(message));
}

class PtraceStrategyDeciderImpl : public PtraceStrategyDecider {
 public:
  PtraceStrategyDeciderImpl() : PtraceStrategyDecider() {}
  ~PtraceStrategyDeciderImpl() = default;

  Strategy ChooseStrategy(int sock, const ucred& client_credentials) override {
    switch (GetPtraceScope()) {
      case PtraceScope::kClassic:
        if (getuid() == client_credentials.uid) {
          return Strategy::kDirectPtrace;
        }
        return TryForkingBroker(sock);

      case PtraceScope::kRestricted:
        if (!SendMessageToClient(sock,
                                 ServerToClientMessage::kTypeSetPtracer)) {
          return Strategy::kError;
        }

        Errno status;
        if (!LoggingReadFileExactly(sock, &status, sizeof(status))) {
          return Strategy::kError;
        }

        if (status != 0) {
          errno = status;
          PLOG(ERROR) << "Handler Client SetPtracer";
          return TryForkingBroker(sock);
        }
        return Strategy::kDirectPtrace;

      case PtraceScope::kAdminOnly:
        if (HaveCapSysPtrace()) {
          return Strategy::kDirectPtrace;
        }
        FALLTHROUGH;
      case PtraceScope::kNoAttach:
        LOG(WARNING) << "no ptrace";
        return Strategy::kNoPtrace;

      case PtraceScope::kUnknown:
        LOG(WARNING) << "Unknown ptrace scope";
        return Strategy::kError;
    }

    DCHECK(false);
    return Strategy::kError;
  }

 private:
  static Strategy TryForkingBroker(int client_sock) {
    if (!SendMessageToClient(client_sock,
                             ServerToClientMessage::kTypeForkBroker)) {
      return Strategy::kError;
    }

    Errno status;
    if (!LoggingReadFileExactly(client_sock, &status, sizeof(status))) {
      return Strategy::kError;
    }

    if (status != 0) {
      errno = status;
      PLOG(ERROR) << "Handler Client ForkBroker";
      return Strategy::kNoPtrace;
    }
    return Strategy::kUseBroker;
  }
};

}  // namespace

struct ExceptionHandlerServer::Event {
  enum class Type { kShutdown, kClientMessage } type;

  ScopedFileHandle fd;
};

ExceptionHandlerServer::ExceptionHandlerServer()
    : clients_(),
      shutdown_event_(),
      strategy_decider_(new PtraceStrategyDeciderImpl()),
      delegate_(nullptr),
      pollfd_(),
      keep_running_(true) {}

ExceptionHandlerServer::~ExceptionHandlerServer() = default;

void ExceptionHandlerServer::SetPtraceStrategyDecider(
    std::unique_ptr<PtraceStrategyDecider> decider) {
  strategy_decider_ = std::move(decider);
}

bool ExceptionHandlerServer::InitializeWithClient(ScopedFileHandle sock) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_INITIALIZING(initialized_);

  pollfd_.reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
  if (!pollfd_.is_valid()) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_create1";
    return false;
  }

  shutdown_event_ = std::make_unique<Event>();
  shutdown_event_->type = Event::Type::kShutdown;
  shutdown_event_->fd.reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK));
  if (!shutdown_event_->fd.is_valid()) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "eventfd";
    return false;
  }

  epoll_event poll_event;
  poll_event.events = EPOLLIN;
  poll_event.data.ptr = shutdown_event_.get();
  if (epoll_ctl(pollfd_.get(),
                EPOLL_CTL_ADD,
                shutdown_event_->fd.get(),
                &poll_event) != 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_ctl";
    return false;
  }

  if (!InstallClientSocket(std::move(sock))) {
    return false;
  }

  INITIALIZATION_STATE_SET_VALID(initialized_);
  return true;
}

void ExceptionHandlerServer::Run(Delegate* delegate) {
  INITIALIZATION_STATE_DCHECK_VALID(initialized_);
  delegate_ = delegate;

  while (keep_running_ && clients_.size() > 0) {
    epoll_event poll_event;
    int res = HANDLE_EINTR(epoll_wait(pollfd_.get(), &poll_event, 1, -1));
    if (res < 0) {
      PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_wait";
      return;
    }
    DCHECK_EQ(res, 1);

    Event* eventp = reinterpret_cast<Event*>(poll_event.data.ptr);
    if (eventp->type == Event::Type::kShutdown) {
      if (poll_event.events & EPOLLERR) {
        LogSocketError(eventp->fd.get());
      }
      keep_running_ = false;
    } else {
      HandleEvent(eventp, poll_event.events);
    }
  }
}

void ExceptionHandlerServer::Stop() {
  keep_running_ = false;
  if (shutdown_event_ && shutdown_event_->fd.is_valid()) {
    uint64_t value = 1;
    LoggingWriteFile(shutdown_event_->fd.get(), &value, sizeof(value));
  }
}

void ExceptionHandlerServer::HandleEvent(Event* event, uint32_t event_type) {
  DCHECK_EQ(AsUnderlyingType(event->type),
            AsUnderlyingType(Event::Type::kClientMessage));

  if (event_type & EPOLLERR) {
    LogSocketError(event->fd.get());
    UninstallClientSocket(event);
    return;
  }

  if (event_type & EPOLLIN) {
    if (!ReceiveClientMessage(event)) {
      UninstallClientSocket(event);
    }
    return;
  }

  if (event_type & EPOLLHUP || event_type & EPOLLRDHUP) {
    UninstallClientSocket(event);
    return;
  }

  LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected event 0x" << std::hex << event_type;
  return;
}

bool ExceptionHandlerServer::InstallClientSocket(ScopedFileHandle socket) {
  // The handler may not have permission to set SO_PASSCRED on the socket, but
  // it doesn't need to if the client has already set it.
  // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/crashpad/issues/detail?id=252
  int optval;
  socklen_t optlen = sizeof(optval);
  if (getsockopt(socket.get(), SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &optval, &optlen) !=
      0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "getsockopt";
    return false;
  }
  if (!optval) {
    optval = 1;
    optlen = sizeof(optval);
    if (setsockopt(socket.get(), SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &optval, optlen) !=
        0) {
      PLOG(ERROR) << "setsockopt";
      return false;
    }
  }

  auto event = std::make_unique<Event>();
  event->type = Event::Type::kClientMessage;
  event->fd.reset(socket.release());

  Event* eventp = event.get();

  if (!clients_.insert(std::make_pair(event->fd.get(), std::move(event)))
           .second) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "duplicate descriptor";
    return false;
  }

  epoll_event poll_event;
  poll_event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDHUP;
  poll_event.data.ptr = eventp;

  if (epoll_ctl(pollfd_.get(), EPOLL_CTL_ADD, eventp->fd.get(), &poll_event) !=
      0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_ctl";
    clients_.erase(eventp->fd.get());
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool ExceptionHandlerServer::UninstallClientSocket(Event* event) {
  if (epoll_ctl(pollfd_.get(), EPOLL_CTL_DEL, event->fd.get(), nullptr) != 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_ctl";
    return false;
  }

  if (clients_.erase(event->fd.get()) != 1) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "event not found";
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool ExceptionHandlerServer::ReceiveClientMessage(Event* event) {
  ClientToServerMessage message;
  iovec iov;
  iov.iov_base = &message;
  iov.iov_len = sizeof(message);

  msghdr msg;
  msg.msg_name = nullptr;
  msg.msg_namelen = 0;
  msg.msg_iov = &iov;
  msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

  char cmsg_buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(ucred))];
  msg.msg_control = cmsg_buf;
  msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsg_buf);
  msg.msg_flags = 0;

  int res = HANDLE_EINTR(recvmsg(event->fd.get(), &msg, 0));
  if (res < 0) {
    PLOG(ERROR) << "recvmsg";
    return false;
  }
  if (res == 0) {
    // The client had an orderly shutdown.
    return false;
  }

  if (msg.msg_name != nullptr || msg.msg_namelen != 0) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected msg name";
    return false;
  }

  if (msg.msg_iovlen != 1) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected iovlen";
    return false;
  }

  if (msg.msg_iov[0].iov_len != sizeof(ClientToServerMessage)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected message size " << msg.msg_iov[0].iov_len;
    return false;
  }
  auto client_msg =
      reinterpret_cast<ClientToServerMessage*>(msg.msg_iov[0].iov_base);

  switch (client_msg->type) {
    case ClientToServerMessage::kCrashDumpRequest:
      return HandleCrashDumpRequest(
          msg, client_msg->client_info, event->fd.get());
  }

  DCHECK(false);
  LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown message type";
  return false;
}

bool ExceptionHandlerServer::HandleCrashDumpRequest(
    const msghdr& msg,
    const ClientInformation& client_info,
    int client_sock) {
  cmsghdr* cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
  if (cmsg == nullptr) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "missing credentials";
    return false;
  }

  if (cmsg->cmsg_level != SOL_SOCKET) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected cmsg_level " << cmsg->cmsg_level;
    return false;
  }

  if (cmsg->cmsg_type != SCM_CREDENTIALS) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected cmsg_type " << cmsg->cmsg_type;
    return false;
  }

  if (cmsg->cmsg_len != CMSG_LEN(sizeof(ucred))) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "unexpected cmsg_len " << cmsg->cmsg_len;
    return false;
  }

  ucred* client_credentials = reinterpret_cast<ucred*>(CMSG_DATA(cmsg));
  pid_t client_process_id = client_credentials->pid;

  switch (strategy_decider_->ChooseStrategy(client_sock, *client_credentials)) {
    case PtraceStrategyDecider::Strategy::kError:
      return false;

    case PtraceStrategyDecider::Strategy::kNoPtrace:
      return SendMessageToClient(client_sock,
                                 ServerToClientMessage::kTypeCrashDumpFailed);

    case PtraceStrategyDecider::Strategy::kDirectPtrace:
      delegate_->HandleException(client_process_id, client_info);
      break;

    case PtraceStrategyDecider::Strategy::kUseBroker:
      delegate_->HandleExceptionWithBroker(
          client_process_id, client_info, client_sock);
      break;
  }

  return SendMessageToClient(client_sock,
                             ServerToClientMessage::kTypeCrashDumpComplete);
}

}  // namespace crashpad
