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/*!
    \page linguist-manual.html
    \title Qt Linguist Manual
    \ingroup qttools

    \startpage {index.html}{Qt Reference Documentation}
    \nextpage Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager

    \keyword Qt Linguist

    Qt provides excellent support for translating applications into local
    languages. This Guide explains how to use Qt's translation tools for
    each of the roles involved in translating an application. The Guide
    begins with a brief overview of the issues that must be considered,
    followed by chapters devoted to each role and the supporting tools
    provided.

    The \l{linguist-manager.html}{Release Manager} chapter is aimed
    at the person with overall responsibility for the release of the
    application. They will typically coordinate the work of the
    software engineers and the translator. The chapter describes the
    use of two tools. The \l lupdate tool is used to synchronize
    source code and translations. The \l lrelease tool is used to
    create runtime translation files for use by the released
    application.

    The \l{linguist-translators.html}{Translators} chapter is for
    translators. It describes the use of the \QL tool.
    No computer knowledge beyond the ability to start a program and
    use a text editor or word processor is required.

    The \l{linguist-programmers.html}{Programmers} chapter is for Qt
    programmers. It explains how to create Qt applications that are
    able to use translated text. It also provides guidance on how to
    help the translator identify the context in which phrases appear.
    This chapter's three short tutorials cover everything the
    programmer needs to do.

    \section1 Overview of the Translation Process

    Most of the text that must be translated in an application program
    consists of either single words or short phrases. These typically
    appear as window titles, menu items, pop-up help text (balloon help),
    and labels to buttons, check boxes and radio buttons.

    The phrases are entered into the source code by the programmer in
    their native language using a simple but special syntax to identify
    that the phrases require translation. The Qt tools provide context
    information for each of the phrases to help the translator, and the
    programmer is able to add additional context information to phrases
    when necessary. The release manager generates a set of translation
    files that are produced from the source files and passes these to the
    translator. The translator opens the translation files using \QL, 
    enters their translations and saves the results back into
    the translation files, which they pass back to the release manager.
    The release manager then generates fast compact versions of these
    translation files ready for use by the application. The tools are
    designed to be used in repeated cycles as applications change and
    evolve, preserving existing translations and making it easy to
    identify which new translations are required. \QL also
    provides a phrase book facility to help ensure consistent
    translations across multiple applications and projects.

    Translators and programmers must address a number of issues because
    of the subtleties and complexities of human language:

    \list
    \o A single phrase may need to be translated into several different
    forms depending on context, e.g. \e open in English might become
    \e{\ouml\c{}ffnen}, "open file", or \e aufbauen, "open internet connection", in
    German.
    \o Keyboard accelerators may need to be changed but without
    introducing conflicts, e.g. "\&Quit" in English becomes "Avslutt" in
    Norwegian which doesn't contain a "Q". We cannot use a letter that is
    already in use - unless we change several accelerators.
    \o Phrases that contain variables, for example, "The 25 files selected will
    take 63 seconds to process", where the two numbers are inserted
    programmatically at runtime may need to be reworded because in a
    different language the word order and therefore the placement of the
    variables may have to change.
    \endlist

    The Qt translation tools provide clear and simple solutions to these
    issues.

    Chapters:

    \list
    \o \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager}{Release Manager}
    \o \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Translators}{Translators}
    \o \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Programmers}{Programmers}
    \o \l{Qt Linguist Manual: TS File Format}{TS File Format}
    \endlist

    \QL and \c lupdate are able to import and export XML Localization Interchange File Format
    (XLIFF) files, making it possible to take advantage of tools and translation
    services that work with this format. See the
    \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Translators}{Translators} section for more information
    on working with these files.

    \table
    \row \o{1,2} \inlineimage wVista-Cert-border-small.png
    \o \e{Qt Linguist 4.3 is Certified for Windows Vista}
    \row \o
    Windows Vista and the Windows Vista Start button are trademarks or
    registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
    and/or other countries.
    \endtable
*/

/*!
    \page linguist-manager.html
    \title Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager

    \contentspage {Qt Linguist Manual}{Contents}
    \previouspage Qt Linguist Manual
    \nextpage Qt Linguist Manual: Translators

    \keyword lupdate
    \keyword lrelease

    Two tools are provided for the release manager, \l lupdate and \l
    lrelease. These tools can process \l qmake project files, or operate
    directly on the file system.

    \section1 Qt Project Files

    The easiest method to use \l{#lupdate}{lupdate} and \l{#lrelease}{lrelease}
    is by specifing a \c .pro Qt project file. There must be an entry in the
    \c TRANSLATIONS section of the project file for each language that is
    additional to the native language. A typical entry looks like this:

    \snippet examples/linguist/arrowpad/arrowpad.pro 1

    Using a locale within the translation file name is useful for
    determining which language to load at runtime. This is explained in
    the \l{linguist-programmers.html}{Programmers} chapter.

    An example of a complete \c .pro file with four translation source files:
    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 0
    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 1

     QTextCodec::setCodecForTr() makes it possible to choose a
    8-bit encoding for literal strings that appear within \c tr() calls.
    This is useful for applications whose source language is, for example,
    Chinese or Japanese. If no encoding is set, \c tr() uses Latin1.

    If you do use the QTextCodec::codecForTr() mechanism in your
    application, \QL needs you to set the \c CODECFORTR
    entry in the \c .pro file as well. For example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 1

    Also, if your compiler uses a different encoding for its runtime
    system as for its source code and you want to use  non-ASCII
    characters in string literals, you will need to set the \c
    CODECFORSRC. For example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 2

    Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 .NET appears to be the only compiler
    for which this is necessary. However, if you want to write
    portable code, we recommend that you avoid non-ASCII characters
    in your source files. You can still specify non-ASCII characters
    portably using escape sequences, for example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 3

    \section1 lupdate

    Usage: \c {lupdate myproject.pro}

    \l lupdate is a command line tool that finds the translatable strings 
    in the specified source,  header and \e {Qt Designer} interface files, 
    and produces or updates \c .ts translation files. The files to process
    and the files to update can be set at the command line, or provided
    in a \c .pro file specified as an command line argument. The
    produced translation files are given to the translator who uses 
    \QL to read the files and insert the translations.

    Companies that have their own translators in-house may find it useful
    to run \l lupdate regularly, perhaps monthly, as the application
    develops. This will lead to a fairly low volume of translation work
    spread evenly over the life of the project and will allow the
    translators to support a number of projects simultaneously.

    Companies that hire in translators as required may prefer to run \l
    lupdate only a few times in the application's life cycle, the first
    time might be just before the first test phase. This will provide the
    translator with a substantial single block of work and any bugs that
    the translator detects may easily be included with those found during
    the initial test phase. The second and any subsequent \l lupdate runs
    would probably take place during the final beta phase.

    The \c .ts file format is a simple human-readable XML format that can
    be used with version control systems if required. \c lupdate can also
    process Localization Interchange File Format (XLIFF) format files;
    file in this format typically have file names that end with the
    \c .xlf suffix.

    Pass the \c -help option to \c lupdate to obtain the list of
    supported options:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 4

    \QL is also able to import and export XLIFF files. See the
    \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Translators}{Translators} section for more
    information.

    \section1 lrelease

    Usage: \c {lrelease myproject.pro}

    \l lrelease is a command line tool that produces \c .qm files
    out of \c .ts files. The \c .qm file format is a compact binary format 
    that is used by the localized application. It provides extremely fast 
    lookups for translations. The \c .ts files \l lrelease processes can 
    be specified at the command line, or given indirectly by a Qt \c .pro
    project file.

    This tool is run whenever a release of the application is to be made,
    from initial test version through to final release version. If the \c
    .qm files are not created, e.g. because an alpha release is required
    before any translation has been undertaken, the application will run
    perfectly well using the text the programmers placed in the source
    files. Once the \c .qm files are available the application will
    detect them and use them automatically.

    Note that lrelease will only incorporate translations that are
    marked as "finished". Otherwise the original text will be used instead.

    Pass the \c -help option to \c lrelease to obtain the list of
    supported options:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 5

    \section1 Missing Translations

    Both \l lupdate and \l lrelease may be used with \c .ts translation
    source files which are incomplete. Missing translations will be replaced
    with the native language phrases at runtime.
*/

/*!
    \page linguist-translators.html
    \title Qt Linguist Manual: Translators

    \contentspage {Qt Linguist Manual}{Contents}
    \previouspage Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager
    \nextpage Qt Linguist Manual: Programmers

    Contents

    \tableofcontents

    \section1 The One Minute Guide to Using Qt Linguist

    \QL is a tool for adding translations to Qt
    applications. To start, run \QL, either from the taskbar menu, 
    or by double clicking the desktop icon, or type \c {linguist} (followed by
    \key{Enter}) at the command line. Once \QL has started
    choose \menu{File|Open} from the menu bar and select a \c .ts
    translation source file to work on. If you do not have a \c .ts file
    to work on, see \l {Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager} {the release
    manager manual} on how to generate one.

    By default, \QL's main window is divided into four main 
    areas. The left hand side contains the Context List, the top right shows 
    the String List, the middle right is the Translation Area and the 
    bottom right shows either the Phrases and Guesses Window, the Source Code 
    Window or the Warnings Window. We will describe them all in detail
    later.

    First open a translation file choosing \menu{File|Open...} in the menu bar.
    Click on one of the contexts in the Context List (left hand side) and
    then click on one of the phrases that appears in the String List
    (top right). The phrase will be copied into the Translation Area
    (middle right). Click under the word 'translation' and type in the
    translation. Press \key{Ctrl+Enter} (Done \& Next) to confirm that you
    have completed the translation and to move on to the next phrase that
    requires translation. The cycle of entering a translation and pressing 
    \key{Ctrl+Enter} can be repeated until all the translations are done or 
    until you finish the session.

    Additional help for the translation is provided in the area at the 
    bottom right: If you activate the Phrases and Guesses Window (e.g.
    by clicking on its tab), \QL will show possible translations from 
    open phrase books and  previous translations. Each has a keyboard shortcut, 
    e.g. \key{Ctrl+1}, \key{Ctrl+2}, etc., which you can use to copy the
    guess into the Translation Area. (Mouse users can double click a
    phrase or guess to move it into the Translation Area.) \QL can
    also check for you if the source and the translation obey certain 
    consistency rules: The results are shown in the Warnings Window.
    Finally, if you have the source code of the program to translate 
    available, the Source Code Window can help you to get to know the
    context where a translation is used.

    At the end of the session choose \menu{File|Save} from the menu bar and then
    \menu{File|Exit} to quit.


    \section1 Qt Linguist's Main Window

    \image linguist-linguist.png

    The main window of \QL is divided into different sub windows:
    The \l{Context List}, \l{String List}, \l{Translation Area}, 
    \l {Phrases and Guesses Window}, \l{Source Code Window} and \l{Warnings Window}.
    On first startup the sub windows are arranged as shown in 
    the image above. Activate/deactivate the individual windows through 
    the \menu{View|Views} menu and arrange them by dragging their title bar.

    \section2 Context List

    This appears at the left hand side of the main window by default. The
    first column identifies whether or not the translations for the
    context have been done. A tick indicates that all the translations have
    been done. Otherwise a question mark is shown. Note that a greyed 
    out tick indicates an obsolete translation context, i.e. a context that was 
    translated in a previous version of the application but which does not 
    occur in the new version. See also \l {Context States}.

    The second column, 'Context' is the name of the context in which the 
    translation phrases appear. The third column, 'Items' shows two numbers, 
    the first is the number of translations that have been done, and the 
    second is the number of phrases that are in the context; if the numbers 
    are equal then all the translations have been done.  Click on the 
    appropriate header to sort the Context List either by the status, the 
    name or the number of items in  a context.

    The Context List is a dockable window so it can be dragged to another
    position in the main window, or dragged out of the main window to be a
    window in its own right. If you move the Context List, \QL
    will remember its position and restore it whenever you
    start the program. If the dock has been closed or is hidden it can be
    made visible by pressing \key{F6}.

    \section2 String List

    This appears at the top right of the main window by default. The first
    column signifies the status of the translation. A tick
    indicates that the phrase has been translated and is finished: If it
    is grey, the translation is obsolete. A yellow tick marks a finished 
    translation which does not pass the automatic validation tests 
    (see \l Validation). Other finished translations have a green tick. 
    A question mark indicates that the translation has not been done. 
    An exclamation mark indicates that the translation is unfinished and 
    has failed validation. See also \l {Message States}. The second column 
    'Source text' shows the text that must be translated. The third column shows 
    the translation.

    The String List is a dockable window. If it has been closed or is hidden
    it can be made visible by pressing \key{F7}.

    \section2 Translation Area

    This area appears at the middle right of the main window by default.
    At the top is the text to translate under the label "Source text", at the
    bottom the input field or (in the case of plural forms) multiple input fields 
    for editing the translations. The number of fields, as well as their 
    description, depend on the language to translate to. See also \l
    {Changing the Target Locale}.

    The programmer can provide additional information about a certain translation.
    If available, this information will appear right beneath the source text
    on a light blue background. Furthermore, you can display auxiliary 
    translations: These are translations of the same source text in other
    languages, and are displayed above the translation input fields. The
    fields are only visible in case you explicitly loaded an auxiliary translation
    file, and the file actually contains a translation for the source text 
    (see \l{Showing Auxiliary Translations}{Auxiliary Translations}).

    \section2 Phrases and Guesses Window

    This window appears at the bottom right of the main window by default.
    If the text to translate is in one of the phrase books that has been loaded,
    the phrase will appear in this window with its
    translation. If the phrase is the same or similar to another phrase that
    has already been translated the phrase and translation will be shown in
    this window. To copy a translation from the Phrases and Guesses Window press
    \key{F10} to move to the Phrases and Guesses Window, use the up and down arrow
    keys to move to the phrase you want to use and press Enter to copy it.
    If you decide that you don't want to copy a phrase after all, press \e Esc.
    In both cases the focus will return to the \l{Translation Area}.
    Alternatively, double click the translation you want to use and it will
    be copied into the \l{Translation Area}.

    The Phrases and Guesses Window is a dockable window. If it has been closed or is
    hidden it can be made visible by pressing \key{F10}.

    \section2 Source Code Window

    This window appears at the bottom right of the main window by default. If the
    appropriate files are available locally, the window shows the context of the
    source code the source text was extracted from. The corresponding line is
    centered vertically, and highlighted. If the file containing the source code
    is not available, or not at the expected folder, an error message containing
    the expected absolute file path is shown.

    The Source Code Window is a dockable window. If it has been closed or is hidden
    it can be made visible by pressing \key{F9}.

    \section2 Warnings Window

    This window appears at the bottom right of the main window by default. It shows
    the active validation checks that the current translation fails. The first
    warning is also shown in the main window's status bar.

    The Warnings Window is a dockable window. If it has been closed or is hidden
    it can be made visible by pressing \key{F8}.

    \section1 Common Tasks

    \section2 Leaving a Translation for Later

    If you wish to leave a translation press \key{Ctrl+L} (Next Unfinished) to
    move to the next unfinished translation. To move to the next translation 
    (whether finished or unfinished) press \key{Shift+Ctrl+L}. You can also
    navigate using the Translation menu. If you want to go to a different
    context entirely, click the context you want to work on in the Context
    list, then click the source text in the \l{String List}.

    \section2 Phrases That Require Multiple Translations Depending on Context

    The same phrase may occur in two or more contexts without conflict. Once
    a phrase has been translated in one context, \QL notes
    that the translation has been made and when the translator reaches a
    later occurrence of the same phrase \QL will provide
    the previous translation as a possible translation candidate in the
    \l{Phrases and Guesses Window}.

    If a phrase occurs more than once in a particular context it will only
    be shown once in \QL's \l{Context List} and
    the translation will be applied to every occurrence within the context.
    If the same phrase needs to be translated differently within the same
    context the programmer must provide a distinguishing comment for each of
    the phrases concerned. If such comments are used the duplicate phrases
    will appear in the \l{Context List}. The programmers comments will appear in
    the \l{Translation Area} on a light blue background.

    \section2 Changing Keyboard Accelerators

    A keyboard accelerator is a key combination that when pressed will
    cause an application to perform an action. Keyboard accelerators
    normally come in two forms: Alt key and Ctrl key accelerators.

    Alt key accelerators are used for menus and buttons.  The underlining
    signifies that pressing the Alt key with the underlined letter is the
    same as clicking the menu item with the mouse.  For example, most
    applications have a \e File menu with the "F" in the word "file"
    underlined. In these applications the file menu can be invoked either by
    clicking the word "File" on the menu bar or by pressing Alt+F. The
    accelerator key which is underlined is signified by preceding it with
    an ampersand, e.g. \e \&File. If a source phrase appears with an
    ampersand in it then the translation should also contain an ampersand,
    preferably in front of the same letter. The meaning of Alt key
    accelerators can be determined from the phrase in which the ampersand is
    embedded. The translator may need to change the letter used with the Alt
    key, e.g. if the translated phrase does not contain the original
    accelerator letter. Conflicts with other keys, i.e. having two Alt key
    accelerators using the same letter in the same context, must be avoided.
    Note that some Alt key accelerators, usually those on the menu bar, may
    apply in other contexts.

    Ctrl key accelerators can exist independently of any visual
    control. They are often used to invoke actions in menus that would
    otherwise take several keystrokes or mouse clicks. They may also
    be used to perform actions that do not appear in any menu or on
    any button. For example, most applications that have a \e File
    menu have a submenu item called \e New. In many applications this
    will appear as "\underline{N}ew Ctrl+N". This menu option could be
    invoked by clicking \e File then clicking \e New with the
    mouse. Or you could press Alt+F then press N since these letters
    are underlined. But the same thing can be achieved simply by
    pressing \key{Ctrl+N}. Accelerators that use the Ctrl key are
    shown literally in the source text, e.g. \key{Ctrl+Enter}. Ctrl
    key accelerators have no phrase so the translator must rely on the
    programmer to add a "comment" which appears in the top right hand
    pane. This comment should explain what action the Ctrl key
    accelerator performs. Ideally Ctrl key accelerators are translated
    simply by copying them by choosing the \e {Begin from Source}
    entry in the \menu Translation menu. However in some cases the
    letter will not make sense in the target language and must be
    changed. Whatever letter (or digit) is chosen, the translation
    should always be in the form "Ctrl+" followed by the letter or
    digit in upper case: \e {Qt} will automatically display the correct
    name at runtime. As with Alt key accelerators, if the
    translator changes the key it must not conflict with any other
    Ctrl key accelerator.

    \warning Do not translate the "Alt", "Ctrl" or "Shift" parts of the
    accelerators, since \e {Qt} internally relies on these identifiers. For the
    supported languages, \e {Qt} will automatically translate these strings.

    \section2 Dealing with Phrases That Contain Variables

    Some phrases contain variables. Variables are placeholders for items of
    text that are filled in at runtime. They are signified in the source
    text with a percent sign followed by a digit, e.g. \e {After processing
    file %1, file %2 is next in line}. In this example, \c %1 will be
    replaced at runtime with the name of the first file to be processed and
    \c %2 with the name of the next file to be processed. In the translated
    version the variables must still appear. For example a German
    translation might reverse the phrases, e.g. \e {Datei %2 wird
    bearbeitet, wenn Datei %1 fertig ist}. Note that both variables
    are still used but their order has changed. The order in which variables
    appear does not matter; \c %1 will always be replaced by the same text
    at runtime no matter where it appears in the source text or translation
    and similarly \c %2, etc.

    \section2 Reusing Translations

    If the translated text is similar to the source text, choose the
    \e {Begin from Source} entry in the \menu Translation menu (press
    \key{Ctrl+B}) which will copy the source text into the 
    \l{Translation Area}.

    \QL automatically lists phrases from the open phrase
    books and similar or identical phrases that have already been translated
    in the \l{Phrases and Guesses Window}.

    \section2 Showing Auxiliary Translations

    \image linguist-auxlanguages.png

    \QL currently only allows one translation file to be worked on at any
    given time. However, if the program has already been translated to
    other languages, you can display these auxiliary translations in addition
    to the source text.

    This feature enables translators who are not familiar with the language used
    for the source text to create new translations based on existing ones.
    This "translation chain" approach enables a wider range of translation
    services to be used, since translators only need to know one of the
    of the languages for which an existing translation is available.

    The list of auxiliary files to display is managed in
    the \e {Auxiliary Languages} dialog, which can be activated by selecting
    \e {Other Languages...} in the \menu Phrases menu.

    By default the list of auxiliary files is empty. Click on the folder button
    (the fourth from the left) to select files containing other translations of 
    the same source. If you select multiple files you can sort them in the dialog 
    by the up- and down buttons. Auxiliary translations for the selected locales 
    will show up in the \l{Translation Area} if an auxiliary translation is 
    available.

    \section2 Changing the Target Locale

    \image linguist-translationfilesettings.png

    \QL displays the language to translate to in the 
    \l{Translation Area}, and adapts the number of input fields for plural 
    forms accordingly. If not explicitly set, \QL guesses
    the target language and country by evaluating the translation source file
    name:  E.g. \c app_de.ts sets the target language to German,
    and \c app_de_ch.ts sets the target language to German and the target country
    to Switzerland (this also helps loading translations for the current locale 
    automatically; see \l{linguist-programmers.html}{Programmers Manual} for details).  
    If your files do not follow this convention, you can also set the locale 
    information explicitly by activating \e {Translation File Settings...} in the 
    \menu Edit menu.

    \section1 Phrase Books

    A \QL phrase book is a set of source phrases, target
    (translated) phrases, and optional definitions. Typically one phrase book
    will be created per language and family of applications. Phrase books 
    are used to provide a common set of translations to help ensure consistency. 
    They can also be used to avoid duplication of effort since the translations 
    for a family of applications can be produced once in the phrase book.
    If the translator reaches an untranslated phrase that is the same as a
    source phrase in a phrase book, \QL will show the
    phrase book entry in the \l {Phrases and Guesses Window}.

    \section2 Creating and Editing Phrase Books

    \image linguist-phrasebookdialog.png

    Before a phrase book can be edited it must be created or, if it already
    exists, opened. Create a new phrase book by selecting
    \menu{Phrase|New Phrase Book} from the menu bar. You must enter a
    filename and may change the location of the file if you wish. A newly
    created phrase book is automatically opened. Open an existing phrase
    book by choosing \menu{Phrase|Open Phrase Book} from the menu bar.

    The phrase book contents can be displayed and changed by selecting
    \menu{Phrase|Edit Phrase Book}, and then activating the phrase book you
    want to work on. This will pop up the Phrase Book Dialog as shown
    in the image above. To add a new phrase click the \gui{New Phrase} 
    button (or press Alt+N) and type in a new source phrase. Press Tab and 
    type in the translation. Optionally press Tab and enter a definition -- 
    this is useful to distinguish different translations of the same source 
    phrase. This process may be repeated as often as necessary. You can delete 
    a phrase by selecting it in the phrases list and clicking
    Remove Phrase. Click the \gui Close button (press Esc) once you've finished 
    adding (and removing) phrases.

    \section2 Shortcuts for Editing Phrase Books

    You can also create a new phrase book entry directly out of the translation you
    are working on: Clicking \menu{Phrases|Add to Phrase Book} or pressing
    \key{Ctrl+T} will add the source text and the content of the first translation 
    field to the current phrase book. If multiple phrase books are loaded,
    you have to specify the phrase book to add the entry to in a dialogue.
    If you detect an error in a phrase book entry that is shown in the 
    \l{Phrases and Guesses Window}, you can also edit it in place by right 
    clicking on the entry, and selecting \menu{Edit}. After fixing the error 
    press \key{Return} to leave the editing mode.

    \section2 Batch Translation

    \image linguist-batchtranslation.png

    Use the batch translation feature of \QL to automatically
    translate source texts that are also in a phrase book. Selecting
    \menu{Tools|Batch Translation} will show you the batch translation dialog,
    which let you configure which phrase books to use in what order during the
    batch translation process. Furthermore you can set whether only entries 
    with no present translation should be considered, and whether batch translated
    entries should be set to finished (see also \l {Message States}).

    \section1 Validation

    \QL provides four kinds of validation on translated
    phrases.

    \list 1
    \o \e {Accelerator validation} detects translated phrases
    that do not have an ampersand when the source phrase does and vice
    versa.
    \o \e {Punctuation validation} detects differences in the
    terminating punctuation between source and translated phrases when this
    may be significant, e.g. warns if the source phrase ends with an
    ellipsis, exclamation mark or question mark, and the translated phrase
    doesn't and vice versa.
    \o \e {Phrases validation} detects source phrases that are
    also in the phrase book but whose translation differs from that given in
    the phrase book.
    \o \e {Place marker validation} detects whether the same variables
    (like \c %1, \c %2) are used both in the source text and in the translation.
    \endlist

    Validation may be switched on or off from the menu bar's Validation item
    or using the toolbar buttons. Unfinished phrases that fail validation 
    are marked with an exclamation mark in the source text pane. Finished phrases
    will get a yellow tick instead. If you switch validation off and then switch 
    it on later, \QL will recheck all phrases and mark any that 
    fail validation. See also \l{Message States}.

    \section1 Form Preview

    \image linguist-previewtool.png

    Forms created by \e{Qt Designer} are stored in special \c .ui files. 
    \QL can make use of these \c .ui files to show the translations
    done so far on the form itself. This of course requires access to the \c .ui
    files during the translation process. Activate 
    \menu{Tools|Open/Refresh Form Preview} to open the window shown above.
    The list of \c .ui files \QL has detected are displayed in the Forms
    List on the left hand. If the path to the files has changed, you can load
    the files manually via \menu{File|Open Form...}. Double-click on an entry
    in the Forms List to display the Form File. Select \e{<No Translation>} from
    the toolbar to display the untranslated form.

    \section1 Qt Linguist Reference

    \section2 Message States

    A message in \QL can be in a variety of states, depending on
    whether the translation has been marked as finished, the source text
    is obsolete, a translation has been provided or the translation fails a
    validity check. \QL summarizes these properties in six overall states 
    that are shown as individual icons in the first row of the \l{String List}:

    \list
    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-on.png
    \BR
    The message is marked as finished, and there are no warnings. Clicking on the icon 
    or editing a translation will mark the message as unfinished. Also, if the 
    source text is changed by lupdate, the message is automatically set to unfinished.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-warning.png
    \BR
    The message is marked as finished while there are warnings. Clicking on the icon 
    or editing a translation will mark it as unfinished. Also, if the 
    source text is changed by lupdate, the message is automatically set to unfinished.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-obsolete.png
    \BR
    The message is obsolete. See the 
    \l{Qt Linguist Manual: Release Manager}{Release Manager manual} on how to remove 
    such messages from the file.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-empty.png
    \BR
    The message is unfinished, and no translation has been provided. This is default
    state for messages that were not changed before. You should insert a translation.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-off.png
    \BR
    The message is unfinished, but not empty. Furthermore, there are no warnings
    generated by validity checks. Clicking on the icon or pressing \key{Ctrl+Enter}
    (Done \& Next) will mark it as finished.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-danger.png
    \BR
    The message is unfinished, and there are warnings about the translation. It is
    recommended to fix these first, but if the warnings are wrong you can just click
    on the icon or press \key{Ctrl+Return} (Done \& Next) to mark the message as 
    finished.

    \endlist

    \section2 Context States

    The states of the individual messages in a context are also summarized in a context
    state:

    \list
    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-on.png
    \BR
    All messages in the context are marked as finished.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-obsolete.png
    \BR
    All the messages in the context are obsolete.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-check-off.png
    \BR
    At least one message in the context is not marked as finished.

    \endlist

    \section2 File Types

    \QL makes use of four kinds of files:

    \list
    \o \c .ts \e {translation source files} \BR are human-readable XML
    files containing source phrases and their translations. These files are
    usually created and updated by \l lupdate and are specific to an
    application.
    \o \c .xlf \e {XLIFF files} \BR are human-readable XML files that adhere
    to the international XML Localization Interchange File Format. \QL
    can be used to edit XLIFF files generated by other programs. For standard
    Qt projects, however, only the \c .ts file format is used.
    \o \c .qm \e {Qt message files} \BR are binary files that contain
    translations used by an application at runtime. These files are
    generated by \l lrelease, but can also be generated by \QL.
    \o \c .qph \e {Qt phrase book files} \BR are human-readable XML
    files containing standard phrases and their translations. These files
    are created and updated by \QL and may be used by any
    number of projects and applications.
    \endlist

    \section2 The Menu Bar

    \image linguist-menubar.png

    \list
    \o \gui {File}
        \list
        \o \gui {Open... Ctrl+O} \BR pops up an open file dialog from which a
        translation source \c .ts or \c .xlf file can be chosen.
        \o \gui {Recently opened files} \BR shows the \c .ts files that
        have been opened recently, click one to open it.
        \o \gui {Save Ctrl+S} \BR saves the current translation source file.
        \o \gui {Save As...} \BR pops up a save as file dialog so that the
        current translation source file may be saved with a different
        name, format and/or put in a different location.
        \o \gui {Release} \BR create a Qt message \c .qm file with the same base 
        name as the current translation source file. The release manager's
        command line tool \l lrelease performs the same function on
        \e all of an application's translation source files.
        \o \gui {Release As...} \BR pops up a save as file dialog. The
        filename entered will be a Qt message \c .qm file of the translation
        based on the current translation source file. The release manager's
        command line tool \l lrelease performs the same function on
        \e all of an application's translation source files.
        \o \gui {Print... Ctrl+P} \BR pops up a print dialog. If you click
        OK the translation source and the translations will be printed.
        \o \gui {Exit Ctrl+Q} \BR closes \QL.
        \endlist

    \o \gui {Edit}
        \list
        \o \gui {Undo Ctrl+Z} \BR undoes the last editing action in the
        translation pane.
        \o \gui {Redo Ctrl+Y} \BR redoes the last editing action in the
        translation pane.
        \o \gui {Cut Ctrl+X} \BR deletes any highlighted text in the
        translation pane and saves a copy to the clipboard.
        \o \gui {Copy Ctrl+C} \BR copies the highlighted text in the
        translation pane to the clipboard.
        \o \gui {Paste Ctrl+V} \BR pastes the clipboard text into the
        translation pane.
    \omit
        \o \gui {Delete} \BR deletes the highlighted text in the
        translation pane.
    \endomit
        \o \gui {Select All Ctrl+A} \BR selects all the text in the
        translation pane ready for copying or deleting.
        \o \gui {Find... Ctrl+F} \BR pops up the
        Find dialog. When the dialog pops up
        enter the text to be found and click the \gui {Find Next} button.
        Source phrases, translations and comments may be searched.
        \o \gui {Find Next F3} \BR finds the next occurrence of the text that
        was last entered in the Find dialog.
        \o \gui {Search and Translate...} \BR pops up the Search and 
        Replace Dialog. Use this dialog to translate the same text in multiple items.
        \o \gui {Translation File Settings...} \BR let you configure the target
        language and the country/region of a translation source file. 
        \endlist

    \o \gui {Translation}
        \list
        \o \gui {Prev Unfinished Ctrl+K} \BR moves to the nearest previous
        unfinished source phrase (unfinished means untranslated or
        translated but failed validation).
        \o \gui {Next Unfinished Ctrl+L} \BR moves to the next unfinished source
        phrase.
        \o \gui {Prev Shift+Ctrl+K} \BR moves to the previous source phrase.
        \o \gui {Next Shift+Ctrl+L} \BR moves to the next source phrase.
        \o \gui {Done \& Next Ctrl+Enter} \BR mark this phrase as 'done'
        (translated) and move to the next unfinished source phrase.
        \o \gui {Begin from Source Ctrl+B} \BR copies the source text into
        the translation.
        \endlist

    \o \gui {Validation} (See the \l Validation section)
        \list
        \o \gui {Accelerators} \BR toggles validation on or off for Alt
        accelerators.
        \o \gui {Ending Punctuation} \BR switches validation on or off
        for phrase ending punctuation, e.g. ellipsis, exclamation mark,
        question mark, etc.
        \o \gui {Phrase Matches} \BR sets validation on or off for
        matching against translations that are in the current phrase book.
        \o \gui {Place Marker Matches} \BR sets validation on or off for
        the use of the same place markers in the source and translation.
        \endlist

    \o \gui {Phrases} (See the section \l {Phrase Books} for details.)
        \list
        \o \gui {New Phrase Book... Ctrl+N} \BR pops up a save as file dialog.
        You must enter a filename to be used for the phrase book and save
        the file. Once saved you should open the phrase book to begin using
        it.
        \o \gui {Open Phrase Book... Ctrl+H} \BR pops up an open file dialog.
        Find and choose a phrase book to open.
        \o \gui {Close Phrase Book} \BR displays the list of phrase books 
        currently opened. Clicking on one of the items will close the phrase 
        book. If the phrase book has been modified, a dialog box asks whether 
        \QL should save the changes.
        \o \gui {Edit Phrase Book...} \BR displays the list of phrase books 
        currently opened. Clicking on one of the items will open the
        \l{Creating and Editing Phrase Books}{Phrase Book Dialog} where you 
        can add, edit or delete phrases.
        \o \gui {Print Phrase Book...} \BR displays the list of phrase books
        currently opened. Clicking on one of the items pops up a print dialog. 
        If you click OK the phrase book will be printed.
        \o \gui {Add to Phrase Book Ctrl+T} \BR Adds the source text and
        translation currently shown in the \l{Translation Area} to a phrase book.
        If multiple phrase books are loaded, a dialog box let you specify 
        select one.
        \o \gui {Other Languages...} \BR Open the 
        \l{Showing Auxiliary Translations}{Auxiliary Languages Dialog}. 
        This dialog let you specify which other auxiliary translations
        should be shown in the \l{Translation Area}.
        \endlist

  \o \gui {Tools}
        \list
        \o \gui {Batch Translation...} \BR Opens a \l{Batch Translation}{dialog} 
        which let you automatically insert translations for source texts which 
        are in a phrase book.
        \o \gui {Open/Refresh Form Preview F3} \BR Opens the \l{Form Preview}.
        This window let you instantly see translations for forms created with
        \QD.
        \endlist

  \o \gui {View}
        \list
        \o \gui {Revert Sorting} \BR puts the items in the \l{Context List}
        and in the \l{String List} into their original order.
        \o \gui {Display Guesses} \BR turns the display of phrases and
        guesses on or off.
        \o \gui {Statistics} \BR toggles the visibility of the Statistics dialog.
        \o \gui {Views} \BR toggles the visibility of the \l{Context List}, 
        \l{String List}, \l{Phrases and Guesses Window}, \l{Warnings Window},
        or \l{Source Code Window}.
        \o \gui {Toolbars} \BR toggles the visibility of the different toolbars.
        \endlist

  \o \gui {Help}
        \list
        \o \gui {Manual F1} \BR opens this manual.
        \o \gui {About Qt Linguist} \BR Shows information about \QL.
        \o \gui {About Qt} \BR Shows information about \e{Qt}.
        \o \gui {What's This? Shift+F1} \BR Click on one item in the main window 
        to get additional information about it.
        \endlist

    \endlist

    \section2 The Toolbar

    \image linguist-toolbar.png

    \list
    \o \inlineimage linguist-fileopen.png
    \BR
    Pops up the open file dialog to open a new translation source \c .ts
    file.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-filesave.png
    \BR
    Saves the current translation source \c .ts file.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-fileprint.png
    \BR
    Prints the current translation source \c .ts file.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-phrasebookopen.png
    \BR
    Pops up the file open dialog to open a new phrase book \c .qph file.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editundo.png
    \BR
    Undoes the last editing action in the translation pane.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editredo.png
    \BR
    Redoes the last editing action in the translation pane.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editcut.png
    \BR
    Deletes any highlighted text in the translation pane and save a copy to
    the clipboard.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editcopy.png
    \BR
    Copies the highlighted text in the translation pane to the clipboard.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editpaste.png
    \BR
    Pastes the clipboard text into the translation pane.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-editfind.png
    \BR
    Pops up the Find dialog .

    \o \inlineimage linguist-prev.png
    \BR
    Moves to the previous source phrase.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-next.png
    \BR
    Moves to the next source phrase.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-prevunfinished.png
    \BR
    Moves to the previous unfinished source phrase.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-nextunfinished.png
    \BR
    Moves to the next unfinished source phrase.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-doneandnext.png
    \BR
    Marks the phrase as 'done' (translated) and move to the next
    unfinished source phrase.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-validateaccelerators.png
    \BR
    Toggles accelerator validation on and off.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-validatepunctuation.png
    \BR
    Toggles phrase ending punctuation validation on and off.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-validatephrases.png
    \BR
    Toggles phrase book validation on or off.

    \o \inlineimage linguist-validateplacemarkers.png
    \BR
    Toggles place marker validation on or off.

    \endlist

*/

/*!
    \page linguist-programmers.html
    \title Qt Linguist Manual: Programmers

    \contentspage {Qt Linguist Manual}{Contents}
    \previouspage Qt Linguist Manual: Translators
    \nextpage Qt Linguist Manual: TS File Format

    Support for multiple languages is extremely simple in Qt
    applications, and adds little overhead to the programmer's workload.

    Qt minimizes the performance cost of using translations by
    translating the phrases for each window as they are created. In most
    applications the main window is created just once. Dialogs are often
    created once and then shown and hidden as required. Once the initial
    translation has taken place there is no further runtime overhead for
    the translated windows. Only those windows that are created,
    destroyed and subsequently created will have a translation
    performance cost.

    Creating applications that can switch language at runtime is possible
    with Qt, but requires a certain amount of programmer intervention and
    will of course incur some runtime performance cost.

    \section1 Making the Application Translation-Aware

    Programmers should make their application look for and load the
    appropriate translation file and mark user-visible text and Ctrl
    keyboard accelerators as targets for translation.

    Each piece of text that requires translating requires context to help
    the translator identify where in the program the text occurs. In the
    case of multiple identical texts that require different translations,
    the translator also requires some information to disambiguate the
    source texts. Marking text for translation will automatically cause
    the class name to be used as basic context information. In some cases
    the programmer may be required to add additional information to help
    the translator.

    \section2 Creating Translation Files

    Translation files consist of all the user-visible text and Ctrl key
    accelerators in an application and translations of that text.
    Translation files are created as follows:

    \list 1
    \o Run \l lupdate initially to generate the first set of \c .ts
    translation source files with all the user-visible text but no
    translations.
    \o The \c .ts files are given to the translator who adds translations
    using \QL. \QL takes care of any changed
    or deleted source text.
    \o Run \l lupdate to incorporate any new text added to the
    application. \l lupdate synchronizes the user-visible text from the
    application with the translations; it does not destroy any data.
    \o Steps 2 and 3 are repeated as often as necessary.
    \o When a release of the application is needed \l lrelease is run to
    read the \c .ts files and produce the \c .qm files used by the
    application at runtime.
    \endlist

    For \l lupdate to work successfully, it must know which translation
    files to produce. The files are simply listed in the application's \c
    .pro Qt project file, for example:

    \snippet examples/linguist/arrowpad/arrowpad.pro 1

    See the \l lupdate and \l lrelease sections.

    \section2 Loading Translations

    \snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 1
    \snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 3

    This is how a simple \c main() function of a Qt application begins.

    \snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 1
    \snippet examples/linguist/hellotr/main.cpp 4

    For a translation-aware application a translator object is created, a
    translation is loaded and the translator object installed into the
    application.

    \snippet examples/linguist/arrowpad/main.cpp 0
    \snippet examples/linguist/arrowpad/main.cpp 1

    In production applications a more flexible approach, for example,
    loading translations according to locale, might be more appropriate. If
    the \c .ts files are all named according to a convention such as
    \e appname_locale, e.g. \c tt2_fr, \c tt2_de etc, then the
    code above will load the current locale's translation at runtime.

    If there is no translation file for the current locale the application
    will fall back to using the original source text.

    Note that if you need to programmatically add translations at
    runtime, you can reimplement QTranslator::translate().

    \section2 Making the Application Translate User-Visible Strings

    User-visible strings are marked as translation targets by wrapping them
    in a \c tr() call, for example:
    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 6

    would become

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 7

    All QObject subclasses that use the \c Q_OBJECT macro implement
    the \c tr() function.

    Although the \c tr() call is normally made directly since it is
    usually called as a member function of a QObject subclass, in
    other cases an explicit class name can be supplied, for example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 8

    or

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 9

    \section2 Distinguishing Identical Strings That Require Different Translations

    The \l lupdate program automatically provides a \e context for every
    source text. This context is the class name of the class that contains
    the \c tr() call. This is sufficient in the vast majority of cases.
    Sometimes however, the translator will need further information to
    uniquely identify a source text; for example, a dialog that contained
    two separate frames, each of which contained an "Enabled" option would
    need each identified because in some languages the translation would
    differ between the two. This is easily achieved using the
    two argument form of the \c tr() call, e.g.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 10

    and

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 11

    Ctrl key accelerators are also translatable:

    \snippet examples/linguist/trollprint/mainwindow.cpp 2

    It is strongly recommended that the two argument form of \c tr() is used
    for Ctrl key accelerators. The second argument is the only clue the
    translator has as to the function performed by the accelerator.

    \section2 Helping the Translator with Navigation Information

    In large complex applications it may be difficult for the translator to
    see where a particular source text comes from. This problem can be
    solved by adding a comment using the keyword \e TRANSLATOR which
    describes the navigation steps to reach the text in question; e.g.

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 12

    These comments are particularly useful for widget classes.

    \section2 Handling Plural Forms

    Qt includes a \c tr() overload that will make it very easy to 
    write "plural-aware" internationalized applications. This overload 
    has the following signature:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 17

    Depending on the value of \c n, the \c tr() function will return a different 
    translation, with the correct grammatical number for the target language. 
    Also, any occurrence of \c %n is replaced with \c{n}'s value. For example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 18

    If a French translation is loaded, this will expand to "0 item 
    remplac\unicode{233}", "1 item remplac\unicode{233}", "2 items 
    remplac\unicode{233}s", etc., depending on \c{n}'s value. 
    And if no translation is loaded, the orignal string is used, with \c %n 
    replaced with count's value (e.g., "6 item(s) replaced").

    To handle plural forms in the native language, you need to load a 
    translation file for this language, too. \l lupdate has the 
    \c -pluralonly command line option, which allows the creation of
    \c .ts files containing only entries with plural forms.

    See the \l{http://doc.trolltech.com/qq/}{Qt Quarterly} Article 
    \l{http://doc.trolltech.com/qq/qq19-plurals.html}{Plural Forms in Translations}
    for further details on this issue.

    \section2 Coping With C++ Namespaces

    C++ namespaces and the \c {using namespace} statement can confuse
    \l lupdate. It will interpret \c MyClass::tr() as meaning just
    that, not as \c MyNamespace::MyClass::tr(), even if \c MyClass is
    defined in the \c MyNamespace namespace. Runtime translation of
    these strings will fail because of that.

    You can work around this limitation by putting a \e TRANSLATOR
    comment at the beginning of the source files that use \c
    MyClass::tr():

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 13

    After the comment, all references to \c MyClass::tr() will be
    understood as meaning \c MyNamespace::MyClass::tr().

    \section2 Translating Text That is Outside of a QObject Subclass

    \section3 Using QCoreApplication::translate()

    If the quoted text is not in a member function of a QObject subclass,
    use either the tr() function of an appropriate class, or the
    QCoreApplication::translate() function directly:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 14

    \section3 Using QT_TR_NOOP() and QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP()

    If you need to have translatable text completely outside a function,
    there are two macros to help: QT_TR_NOOP() and QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP().
    These macros merely mark the text for extraction by \l{lupdate}.
    The macros expand to just the text (without the context).

    Example of QT_TR_NOOP():
    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 15

    Example of QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP():
    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/doc_src_linguist-manual.qdoc 16

    \section1 Tutorials

    Three tutorials are presented:

    \list 1
    \o \l{linguist/hellotr}{Hello tr()} demonstrates the creation of
        a \l QTranslator object. It also shows the simplest use of
        the \c tr() function to mark user-visible source text for
        translation.

    \o \l{linguist/arrowpad}{Arrow Pad} explains how to make the application load the
       translation file applicable to the current locale. It also shows the
       use of the two-argument form of \c tr() which provides additional
       information to the translator.

    \o \l{linguist/trollprint}{Troll Print} explains how
        identical source texts can be distinguished even when they occur in
        the same context. This tutorial also discusses how the translation
        tools help minimize the translator's work when an application is
        upgraded.
    \endlist

    These tutorials cover all that you need to know to prepare your Qt
    applications for translation.

    At the beginning of a project add the translation source files to be
    used to the project file and add calls to \l lupdate and \l lrelease to
    the makefile.

    During the project all the programmer must do is wrap any user-visible
    text in \c tr() calls. They should also use the two argument form for
    Ctrl key accelerators, or when asked by the translator for the cases
    where the same text translates into two different forms in the same
    context. The programmer should also include \c TRANSLATION comments to
    help the translator navigate the application.
*/

/*!
    \page linguist-ts-file-format.html
    \title Qt Linguist Manual: TS File Format

    \contentspage {Qt Linguist Manual}{Contents}
    \previouspage Qt Linguist Manual: Programmers

    The \c .ts file format used by \QL is described by the
    \l{http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210}{DTD} presented below,
    which we include for your convenience. Be aware that the format
    may change in future Qt releases.

    \quotefile tools/linguist/shared/ts.dtd
    
*/
